Thermal Physics Flashcards
(15 cards)
What is latent heat?
The energy needed to weaken the bonds between atoms so the material can change state.
What is the internal energy of a gas?
The sum of the kinetic and potential energies.
Why do gases exert a pressure on the container they’re in?
- gas particles collide with container
- container exerts an ewual and opposite force on the particles to change their direction
- pressure = force/area
What is an ideal gas?
- gas molecules don’t interact with eachother
- molecules are perfect spheres
What is boyles law?
Pressure is inversely proportional to volume when temperature is constant
When constant volume, what is the relationship between pressure and temperature
directly proportional (P/T = K)
Why does increasing temperature increase pressure?
- more kinetic energy
- greater change in momentum during collisions
- change in momentum is proportional to force and therefore pressure
What does area under maxwell-Boltzmann curve represent?
Total number of particles
What happens to the boltzmann curve if the temperature of gas increases
- shifts right
- curve becomes lower and more spread out
Units of boltzmann coefficient
J/K
Joules per kelvin
What is the internal energy of an ideal gas proportional to?
- kinetic energy
- temperature
Why is absolute scale used?
- doesn’t depend on properties of a substance
- 0K means particles have minimum internal energy
What is brownian motion?
smoke particles being seen moving randomly in all directions meaning air particles must be randomly colliding, also with random, rapid motion
Specific heat capacity
energy required to raise the temperature of 1kg by 1K
What are the 5 gas assumptions?
- particles move random, rapid motion
- size of particles is negligible compared to volume of gas
- Collisions are perfectly elastic
- time taken for a collision is negligible compared with time between collisions
- in collisions, no force between particles
