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Nero Exam #2 > Thermoregulation > Flashcards

Thermoregulation Flashcards

1
Q

warm sensitive thermoreceptors

A

TRP - V1 to V4
sensitive over different ranges
activated by vanilloid (capsaicin, hot peppers)

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2
Q

cold sensitive thermoreceptors

A

TRPM8 and TRPA2
sensitive over different ranges
activated by menthol

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3
Q

activation of warm or cold thermoreceptors

A

opens as temperature increases or decreases

allows Na or Ca influx

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4
Q

anterior hypothalamus thermoregulatory system

A

responds to heat

heat LOSS behaviors

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5
Q

posterior hypothalamus thermoregulatory system

A

responds to cooling

heat PRODUCTION behavior

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6
Q

cutaneous thermoreceptors

A

bimodal (temperature and touch sensitive)
warm or cold sensitive
10x as many COLD sensitive
tell about environmental conditions

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7
Q

visceral thermoreceptors

A

sense core temperature
threat to maintenance of body temp
food ingested may change body T

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8
Q

central thermoreceptors

A

location: PRE OPTIC and SUPEROPTIC regions of hypothalamus
3x as many WARM sensitive
relay info to other areas of hypothalamus

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9
Q

hypothalamus - thermoregulation

A

integration of afferent
determination of set point
compare core temp to set point and if its different generates a response
respond to environment

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10
Q

heat production

A

ANS - sympathetic
Hormonal - thyroxin, epi/norepi
heat production - mm activity, non-shivering thermogenesis

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11
Q

heat production - muscular activity

A

shivering - DORSOMEDIAL posterior hypothalamus, increase motorneuron excitation
increase voluntary activity - CORTEX, jumping or running

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12
Q

heat production - non-shivering

A

hormonal - thyroxin increases metabolic rate, epi
increase food intake - increase metabolism
brown adipose tissue

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13
Q

brown adipose tissue

A

low efficiency hydrolysis of ATP
sympathetic inn
strong in infants

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14
Q

heat loss - evaporative

A

insensible - respiratory

sweating - controlled

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15
Q

heat loss - convection

A

movement of molecules away from contact

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16
Q

heat loss - conduction

A

transfer of heat b/w objects in physical contact with one another

17
Q

heat loss - radiation

A

infrared radiation transferring heat b/w 2 objects not in physical contact

18
Q

response to increased core temperature

A

decrease in heat production - apathy/inertia, anorexia

increase in heat loss - blood to skin, EHL, insensible heat loss

19
Q

sweat glands

A

inn - sympathetic cholinergic (ACH) binding to muscarinic R
lots of blood vessels
coiled region by vessels
duct leading to skin

20
Q

primary sweat secretion

A

high in water and sodium

water and sodium are reabsorbed (taken back into the blood) in the duct of the sweat gland

21
Q

low flow sweat rate

A

CONCENTRATED
little water
high sodium

22
Q

high flow sweat rate

A

DILUTED
lots of water
little sodium

23
Q

response to decrease in core temperature

A

increase heat production - shivering, non - shivering thermogenesis
decrease heat loss - blood away from skin, decrease EHL

24
Q

Fever

A

controlled increase in body temperature

SET POINT INCREASES body temperature is only doing what hypothalamus directs it to do

25
Q

making a fever step 1

A

the bug stimulates secretion of endotoxins
immune cells release cytokines
both stimulate production of PGE2
this increases the set point so it is greater than body temperature

26
Q

making a fever step 2

A

increase heat production - shivering, non - shivering thermogenesis
decrease heat loss - blood away from skin, decrease EHL

27
Q

making a fever step 3

A

body temperature will reach set point

comfort in a relative sense

28
Q

making a fever step 4

A

the bug is removed and the immune system is no long activated
set point will return to normal so now body temperature is more than set point

29
Q

making a fever step 5

A

decrease in heat production - apathy/inertia, anorexia

increase in heat loss - blood to skin, EHL, insensible heat loss

30
Q

hyper and hypothermia

A

uncontrolled changes in body temperature
implications - SET POINT remains NORMAL, environmental stresses exceed body’s ability to regulate temp, at extremes hypothalamic regulation may be lost

Nero Exam #2 (10 decks)

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