Thigh Flashcards by Sneha Shah

Number of ossification sites on the femur

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The primary ossification center of the femur is

Diaphysis (shaft)

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Where are the 4 secondary ossification centers of the femur?

Head

Greater trochanter

Lesser trochanter

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What is a slipped capitis femoris?

The slippage of the growth plate (epiphysis of the femoral head)

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Physical exam of slipped capitis femoris will reveal

Positive trendelenburg sign because of unequal limb length

On passive extension of the hip. the thigh will abduct and externally rotate

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What are the main superficial veins of the thigh and leg?

Great saphenous vein

Small saphenous vein

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Great saphenous vein comes from

Femoral vein in inguinal region

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Small saphenous vein comes from

Popliteal vein in popliteal fossa

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Lymph in thigh drains into

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes (inferior or vertical group)

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes (superior or horizontal node)

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Lymph in leg drains into

Popiteal lymph nodes

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Retroinguinal space consists of

Lacuna musculorum

Lacuna vasorum

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What is located in the lacuna musculorum?

Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve
Femoral nerve
Iliopsoas muscle

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What is located in the lacuna vasorum?

Femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve

Femoral sheath, which includes the femoral artery, femoral vein, and femoral canal lymphatics

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Femoral triangle is bounded by

Inguinal ligament- superiorly

Sartorius- laterally

Adductor longus- medially

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Medial branches of the external iliac/femoral arteries in the inguinal region

External pudendal arteries (superficial and deep)

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Superior branches of the external iliac/femoral arteries in the inguinal region

Epigastric arteries (superficial and inferior)

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Lateral branches of the external iliac/femoral arteries in the inguinal region

Circumflex iliac arteries (superficial and deep)

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You can see variations in the branching pattern of which arteries?

Medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries

Profunda femoris artery

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The medial circumflex femoral artery typically passes between

Pectineus and iliopsoas muscles

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What is avascular necrosis of the femoral head?

Damage to the retinacular arteries supplying the head of the femur

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The trochanter anastomosis supplies

Neck and head of femur

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Trochanter anastomosis is fored by

Superior and inferior gluteal arteries and medial and lateral femoral circumflex arteries

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Retinacular vessels are located deep to

zona obicularis

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Quads are usually innervated by

Femoral nerve

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Adductors are usually innervated by

Obuturator nerve

What is innervated by the common fibular nerve and gluteal nerves

Gluteals Short head of biceps femoris

What innervates the hamstrings and lateral rotators

Tibial nerve and nerves to lateral rotators

Psoas major and minor are innervated by (3)

Anterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1-L3) Femoral nerve

Illiacus is innervated by

Femoral nerve (L2-L3)

Sartorius and quadriceps femoris is innervated by

Femoral nerve (L2-L4)

Pectineus is innervated by

Femoral nerve (L2-L3) Obturator nerve (L2-L3)

Obturator externus is innervated by

Obturator nerve (L3-L4)

Gracilis is innervated by

Obturator nerve (L2-L3)

Adductor longus is innervated by

Obturator nerve (L2-L4)

Adductor brevis is innervated by

Obturator nerve (L2-L3)

Adductor magnus is innervated by

Adductor part innervated by obturator nerve (L2-L4) Hamstring part by tibial part of sciatic nerve

Function of iliopectineal bursa

Reduces friction of iliacus and psoas muscles over hip joint

Branches of the femoral nerve

Anterior cutaneous branches Muscular branches Nerve to the vastus medialis

Femoral nerve continues as the

Saphenous nerve

Posterior branch of the obturator nerve- location

Descends behind adductor brevis, on the anterior surface of the adductor magnus

Posterior branch of the obturator nerve innervates

Adductor part of adductor magnus

Anterior branch of the obturator nerve- location

Descends behind pectineus and adductor longus, on the anterior surface of adductor brevis

Anterior branch of obturator nerve innervates

Gracilis Adductor longus Adductor brevis Contributes to supply of pectineus

Cutaneous branch of obturator nerve is derived from

Anterior branch of obturator nerve

Cutaneous branch of obturator nerve innervates

Skin of medial thigh

Location of accessory obturator nerve

Exits pelvis through lacuna vasorum

3 terminal branches of accessory obturator nerve

Sensory branch to hip joint Motor branch to pectineus Communicating branch to anterior division of obturator nerve

Iliopsoas inserts on

Lesser trochanter and adjacent femoral shaft

Hip flexors of abdomen

Psoas minor Psoas major Iliacus Iliopsoas

Quadriceps femoris- origin

Originate on ASIS and femoral shaft below intertrochanteric line

Quadriceps femoris- insertion

Quadriceps tendon and superior patella Tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon

Quadriceps femoris is innervated by

Femoral nerve

Blood supply to quadriceps femoris

Lateral femoral artery, especially its descending branch

Sartorius- origin

ASIS

Sartorius- insertion

Proximal tibia as part of pes anserinus

Sartorius is innervated by

Femoral nerve

Function of sartorius

Flexus, abducts, and laterally rotates thigh Flexes knee

Adductors of the thigh

Pectineus Adductor longus Adductor brevis Adductor magnus Gracilis

Most adductors originate around

Obturator foramen

Origin of pectineus

Pectineal line of pubis

Origin of adductor longus

Pubis, lateral to the symphysis

Adductor brevis- origin

Inferior pubic ramus

Adductor magnus- origin of adductor part

Ischiopubic ramus

Adductor magnus- origin of hamstring part

Ischial tuberosity

Gracilis- origin

Ischiopubic ramus

Insertion of pectineus

Line from lesser trochanter to linea aspera

Insertion of adductors

Linea aspera

Adductors originate on

Linea aspera

Hamstring part of adductor magnus inserts on

Adductor tubercle

Gracilis- insertion

Just distal to medial condyle of tibia

Where is the adductor hiatus located

Adductor magnus, between insertion site for hamstring and adductor part

Origin of obturator externus

External surface of obturator membrane

Insertion of obturator externus

Trochanteric fossa

What muscles laterally rotate the thigh?

Piriformis Gemelli Obturator internus Quadratus femoris

Obturator externus is innervated by

Obturator nerve

Most lateral rotators of thigh are innervated by

Tibial nerve

Hamstrings muscles are

Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps fermois, long head Biceps femoris, short head

Which hamstrings attach on the ischial tuberosity

Semimembranosus Semitendinosus Biceps femoris, long head

Biceps femoris, short head originates on

Linea aspera

Semimembranosus- insertion

Medial tibial condyle

Semitendinosus- insertion

Pes anserinus

Biceps femoris- insertion

Head of fibula

Function of hamstrings

Hip extensors and knee flexors

Additional actions of semimembranosus and semitendenosus

Medially rotate thigh and leg

Additional action of biceps femoris

Laterally rotates thigh and leg

Innervation of hamstrings + exception

Tibial component of sciatic nerve Exception: short head of biceps femoris which is innervated by common peroneal nerve

Blood supply to hamstrings- proximally

Inferior gluteal artery

Blood supply to hamstrings- middle

Perforating arteries from profunda femoris

Blood supply to hamstrings- distal

Popliteal artery

Which muscles insert on pes anserinus and what innervates each of these muscles

SGT FOT Sartorius (femoral) Gracilis (obturator) Semitendinosus (Tibial division of sciatic nerve)

Which muscles originate on the adductor magnus and ischial tuberosity

Hamstrings Adductor magnus

Insertions of powerful tendons are subject to ___ especially if the tendon inserts on an ___

Avulsion fractures Especially if tendon inserts on epiphysis

Where does the femoral artery run? (over + under)

Behind sartorius and quads Over adductors

Where does the profunda femoris run (over + under)

Behind adductor longus Over adductor brevis and magnus

Perforating branches of femoral artery extend through

Adductor magnus

Adductor canal (location)

Starts at apex of femoral triangle Runs behind sartorius and quads and in front of adductors Ends at adductor hiatus

Arteries and veins in adductor canal emerge in

Popliteal fossa via adductor hiatus in adductor magnus

Which branch nerve passes through the adductor hiatus

Articular branch of obturator nerve to knee joint

What runs through the adductor canal? Which of these will pass through the adductor hiatus

Femoral artery and vein (emerge from canal to become popliteal artery and vein) Saphenous nerve (does not go through hiatus) Nerve to vastus medius (does not go through hiatus) Femoral nerve branches (do not pass through hiatus) Articular branch of obturator nerve to knee joint

What divides the thigh into compartments?

Intermuscular septa which are continuous with fasca lata

Thigh Flashcards

(100 cards)