Urinary Organs Flashcards by Sneha Shah

2 layers of fat in the kidneys

Perirneal

Pararenal

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Perineal fat is found

Inside the renal fascia

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Pararenal fat is found

Outside the renal fascia

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What are kidneys?

Retroperitoneal glands invested in a fibro-fatty layer composed of 2 layers of fat and a membrane

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What is the membrane of the kidney?

Renal fascia (Gerota’s fascia)

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What are the 2 surfaces of the kidney

Anterior and posterior

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What are the 2 borders of the kidney?

Lateral and medial

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What are the 2 ples of the kidney?

Superior and inferior

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Do the suprarenal glands touch they kidneys?

They are separated from the kidneys by the perirenal fat capsule

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What organs come into contact with the kidneys?

Liver

Colic flexture

Duodenum

Stomach

Spleen

Pancreas

Descending colon

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What 4 segements are kidneys divided into?

Posterior

Apical

Basilar

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Medulla of kidney divides into

Medullary pyrmaids with renal columns made of cortical tissue between them

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Renal pyramids have __ that point toward the center of the kidney

Renal papilla

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Renal tubules dump into ___ that then join to form ___ and then into ___

Dump into minor calices and then join to form major calices and then into the renal pelvis

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Renal columns (function)

Separate renal pyramids from each other

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Renal pyramids (function)

Come together to form the renal papilla

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Renal papilla are located

The apex of the renal pyramid

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Minor calyces are

The beginning of the extrarenal duct system

They are cup-shaped structures that receive renal papillae

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Major calyces (function)

Receive minor calyces which drain urine from superior, middle, and inferior portions of the kidney

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Renal pelvis (function)

Flattened funnel-shaped expansion of the superior end of the ureter

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The apex of the renal pelvis is continuous with

the ureter

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Renal arteries (structure)

Single vessels that extend from the aorta that branch into several segmental arteries before entering the renal sinus

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Right renal artery runs posterior to

IVC

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Left renal artery runs posterior to

Left renal vein

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Interlobar arteries

Pass through renal columns to supply each pyramid

Arcuate arteries are

branches of interlobar arteries that supply each pyramid

Interlobular arteries are branches of

Arcuate artery that become the afferent arterioles

The left renal vein is anterior to___ and posterior to ___

Anterior to aorta and left renal artery Posterior to SMA

The renal veins eventually drain into the

IVC

The left renal vein is in continuity with

Left gonadal vein Left inferior adrenal vein Lumbar vein

Left adrenal vein enters ___ while the left gonadal vein enters ___

Adrenal enters superiorly Gonadal enters inferiorly

What are the 3 stages in kidney embryology?

Pronephros Mesonephros Metanephros

Mesonephros becomes the ___ which will form the __

Beceoms the Wolffian duct which will form the male reproductive system

Metanephros will give rise to

Collecting tubules Minor and Major calyces Renal pelvis Ureters

Development- as the gonads move downward, they are being pulled into the inguinal canal by the

Gubernaculum

Ureters are

Muscular structures that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder

Ureters are located

Anterior to the psoas muscle and run from the renal pelvis to the bladder Posterior to the renal vessels

Ureters are surrounded by

Perirenal fat

Ureters cross over ___ and under ___

Cross over genitofemoral nerve and the common iliac or external iliac artery Cross under gonadal vessels

What are the 3 sites of ureter constriction

Junction of the ureters and renal pelvis Brim of the pelvic inlet Passage through wall of the bladder

The proximal ureter is supplied by the

Aorta/renal artery

The distal ureter is supplied by

Branches from iliac arteries

Veins of the ureter drain into

The renal and gonadal vein

Upper part of the ureter extends from

Renal pelvis to lower pole

Upper part of the ureter is supplied by

Renal, adrenal, and gonadal arteries

Middle part of the ureter extends from

Lower pole to pelvic brim

Middle part of the ureter is supplied by

Gonadal arteries Aorta Common iliac

Lower part of the ureter extends from

Pelvic brim to bladder

Lower part of the ureter is supplied by

Internal iliac Superior vesical Inferior vesical

Location of ureter in males

Vas deferens passes anteriorly Enters bladder just above the apex of the seminal vesicle

Location of ureter in females

Uterine artery passes anterioly Pelvic ureter crosses ovarian vessels and nerves posteriorly Anterior to internal iliac artery Posterior to ovary under broad ligament, just behind uterine vessels

Bladder location

Located in retropubic space in an extraperitoneal position

Parts of the bladder

Apex Body Fundus Neck Uvula

Apex of the bladder (location)

Anterior end that points toward the superior edge of the pubic symphysis

Uvula of the bladder (location)

Slight projection of trigone

Trigone

Smooth area within the base of the bladder

Trigone is bounded by

3 orifices: Right and left uretrovesical orifices Internal urethral meatus

Bladder wall is composed of

Detrusor muscle

Blood supply of bladder

Superior, middle and inferior vesicle arteries

Veins of bladder drain into

Internal iliac vein

Embryology of the bladder- cloaca is divided by ___ into

Divided by urorectal septum into the dorsal rectum and ventral urogenital sinus

3 parts of the urogenital sinus

Vesical Pelvic Phallic

Embryology of bladder- vesicle forms

Most of the urinary bladder

Embryology of the bladder- pelvic portion becomes

Urethra in neck of bladder

Embryology of bladder- plevic portion becomes ___ in males and ___ in females

Produces prostatic and membranous portions of urethra in males Produces membranous urethra in females

Embryology of bladder- phallic portion becomes

Urogenital sinus

Embryology of bladder- phallic portion becomes ___ in males and ___ in females

Forms penile urethra in males Forms vestibule of vagina in females

Male urethra is derived from

Endoderm of the urogenital sinus

Function of male urethra

Allows urine to pass from internal urethral orifice of bladder to external urethral orifice at tip of penis

4 parts of male urethra

Preprostatic Prostatic Membranous Spongy

Preprostatic portion of male urethra extends from

Bladder neck to prostate

Prostatic portion of male urethra located in

Prostate

Membraous portion of male urethra is located

within urogenital diaphragm

Spongy part of male urethra is

The distal part of the urethra

Blood supply to preprostatic and prostatic portions of male urethra comes from

Prostatic branches of inferior vesical and middle rectal arteries

Blood supply to membranous portion of male urethra comes from

Branches of the dorsal artery and artery of the blub of the penis from the internal pudendal

Blood supply to penile portion of male urethra comes from

Urethral artery Bulbar artery Branches of the dorsal artery

Venous drainage of the male urethra occurs via

Prostatic plexus and internal pudendal veins

The female urethra is derived from

Endoderm of the urogenital sinus

Female urethra location

Anterior to vagina

Extraperitoneal bladder rupture is almost always associated with

Pelvic fractures

Intraperitoneal bladder rupture results from

Trauma to lower abdomen when the bladder is distended

Urinary Organs Flashcards

(82 cards)