Thigh, Knee and Popliteal Fossa

Question 1

what is the advantage of having a thick fascia in the thigh

Answer 1

aids pumping of blood in the veins of the lower limb (which have to work against gravity)

Question 2

what is the name of the deep fascia in the leg?

Answer 2

crural fascia

Question 3

what is the name of the deep fascia in the thigh?

Answer 3

fasciae latae

Question 4

what thinkens laterally to form the iliotibial tract?

Answer 4

fasciae latae

Question 5

what is the role of the iliotibial tract?

Answer 5

provides muscle attachment and helps support the femur on the tibia when standing

Question 6

where does the iliotibial tract run from and to?

Answer 6

from iliac tubercle to anterolateral tibial tubercle

Question 7

what muscles are found in the anterior thigh?

Answer 7

iliacus
psoas major
pectineus
sartorius
rectus femoris
vastus lateralis, medialis and intermedius

Question 8

what are the four hip flexor muscles?

Answer 8

iliacus
psoas major
pectineus
sartorius

Question 9

where is iliacus?

Answer 9

iliac crest, fossa, ala of sacrum and anterior sacroiliac ligament –> psoas tendon and lesser trochanter

Question 10

what is the function of iliacus?

Answer 10

flex hip

Question 11

what innervates iliacus?

Answer 11

femoral nerve (L2+3)

Question 12

where is psoas major?

Answer 12

T12-L5 IV discs and lumbar transverse processes –> lesser trochanter

Question 13

what is the function of psoas major?

Answer 13

flex hip

Question 14

what innervates psoas major?

Answer 14

anterior rami L1-3

Question 15

where is pectineus?

Answer 15

superior ramus of pubis –> pectineal line of femur

Question 16

what is the function of pectineus?

Answer 16

adduct and flex hip, assist with medial rotation

Question 17

what innervates pectineus?

Answer 17

femoral nerve (L2+3)
(occasionally branch from obturator)

Question 18

where is sartorius?

Answer 18

anterior superior iliac spine –> superior part of medial surface of tibia

Question 19

what is the function of sartorius?

Answer 19

flex, abduct, laterally rotate hip and flex the knee

Question 20

what innervates sartorius?

Answer 20

femoral nerve (L2+3)

Question 21

what four muscles form the quadriceps?

Answer 21

rectus femoris
vastus lateralis
vastus medialis
vasus intermedius

Question 22

where is rectus femoris?

Answer 22

anterior inferior iliac spine and ilium above acetabulum –> quadriceps tendon then tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Question 23

what are the functions of rectus femoris?

Answer 23

extend knee

flex hip

Question 24

where is vastus lateralis?

Answer 24

greater trochanter and lateral side of the linea aspera –> quadriceps tendon then tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Question 25

what is the function of vastus lateralis?

Answer 25

extend knee

Question 26

where is vastus medialis?

Answer 26

intertrochanteric line and medial side of linea aspera --> quadriceps tendon then tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Question 27

what is the function of vastus medialis?

Answer 27

extend knee, gives medial pull to stop lateral dislocation of the patella

Question 28

where is vastus intermedius?

Answer 28

anterior and lateral shaft of femur --> quadriceps tendon then tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Question 29

what is the function of vastus intermediate?

Answer 29

extend knee

Question 30

what innervates the four quadriceps muscle?

Answer 30

femoral nerve (L2-4)

Question 31

what 5 muscles are found in the medial compartment of the thigh?

Answer 31

gracialis adductor longus and brevis adductor magnus obturator externus

Question 32

which muscle of the medial compartment is not a hip adductor?

Answer 32

obturator externus

Question 33

where is gracialis?

Answer 33

body of inferior rami of pubis --> superior medial surface of tibia

Question 34

what is the function of gracilis?

Answer 34

adducts hip and flexes knee

Question 35

what innervates gracialis?

Answer 35

obturator (L2+3)

Question 36

where is adductor longus?

Answer 36

body of pubis --> middle 1/3rd linea aspera

Question 37

what is the function of adductor longus?

Answer 37

adduct thigh

Question 38

what innervates adductor longus?

Answer 38

obturator (L2-4)

Question 39

where is adductor brevis?

Answer 39

body and inferior ramus of pubis --> pectineal line and proximal linea aspera

Question 40

what is the function of adductor brevis?

Answer 40

adduct thigh | may assist flexion

Question 41

what innervates adductor brevis?

Answer 41

obturator (L2-4)

Question 42

where is adductor magnus?

Answer 42

ischiopubic ramus and ischial tuberosity --> linea aspera, medial side of supracondylar line and adductor tubercle

Question 43

what is the function of adductor magnus?

Answer 43

adducts thigh | adductor part flexes and hamstring part extends thigh

Question 44

what innervates adductor magnus?

Answer 44

obturator nerve (L2-4)

Question 45

where is the adductor canal found?

Answer 45

from the apex of femoral triangle to the adductor hiatus | underlies the distal half of sartorius

Question 46

what are the boundaries of the adductor canal?

Answer 46

sartorius vastus medialis adductor longus

Question 47

what passes through the adductor canal?

Answer 47

femoral vessels

Question 48

what muscles are found in the posterior thigh?

Answer 48

semitendinosus semimembranosus biceps femoris

Question 49

what three muscles form the hamstrings?

Answer 49

semiteninosus semimebranosus biceps femoris

Question 50

what is the movement of the muscles of the posterior thigh?

Answer 50

extend the hip, flex the knee and slow down the anterior movement of the lower limb during walking

Question 51

where is semitendiosus?

Answer 51

ischial tuberosity --> medial surface of superior tibia

Question 52

what innervates semitendinosus?

Answer 52

tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)

Question 53

where is semimembranosus?

Answer 53

ischial tuberoisty --> posterior surface of medial condyle of tibia

Question 54

what innervates semimembranosus?

Answer 54

tibial division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)

Question 55

where is biceps femoris?

Answer 55

ischial tuberoisty (long head) and linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of the femur (short head) --> head of fibula

Question 56

what innervates the long head of biceps femoris?

Answer 56

tibial division of sciatic (L5-S2)

Question 57

what innervates the short head of biceps femoris?

Answer 57

common peroneal division of sciatic nerve (L5-S2)

Question 58

what causes lateral rotation of the knee?

Answer 58

biceps femoris

Question 59

what causes medial rotation of the knee?

Answer 59

semimembranosus, semitendinosus, gracilis and sartorius

Question 60

what forms the roof of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 60

deep fascia, pierced by the sural nerve and short saphenous vein

Question 61

what forms the floor of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 61

popliteal surface of femur, capsule of knee joint, popliteus muscle, oblique popliteal ligament and middle genicular vessels

Question 62

what is the oblique popliteal ligament formed from and what is it's role?

Answer 62

expansion of semimembranosus, reinforced the knee joint capsule

Question 63

what pierces the joint capsule to supply the cruciate ligament?

Answer 63

middle genicular vessels

Question 64

what forms the superior boundary of popliteal fossa?

Answer 64

diverging tendons of hamstrings - biceps femoris laterally and semimembranosus and semitendinosus medially

Question 65

what forms the inferior boundary of popliteal fossa?

Answer 65

medial and lateral heads of gastrocnemius

Question 66

what are the contents of the popliteal fossa?

Answer 66

popliteal artery and vein | terminal branches of sciatic nerve (tibial and common peroneal nerves)