Tongue and Palate

Question 1

what muscles are found in the walls of the oral cavity?

Answer 1

buccinator and supra-hyoid muscles (mylohoid, digastric, stylohyoid and geniohyoid)

Question 2

what is the role of mylohyoid?

Answer 2

elevate hyoid and oral floor or depress mandible

Question 3

what innervates mylohyoid?

Answer 3

mandibular dicision of trigeminal (CN V3)

Question 4

what is the action of digastric?

Answer 4

elevate hyoid or depress mandible

Question 5

what nerves innervate the anterior and posterior belly of digastric?

Answer 5

posterior: facial (CN VII)
anterior: mandibular division of trigeminal (CN V3)

Question 6

what is the role of stylohyoid?

Answer 6

elevate hyoid bone

Question 7

what is the innervation of stylohyoid?

Answer 7

facial (CN VII)

Question 8

what is the role of geniohyoid?

Answer 8

elevate hyoid

Question 9

what innervates geniohyoid?

Answer 9

C1 hypoglossal (CN XII)

Question 10

what nerves innervate the three major salivary glands?

Answer 10

submandibular: CN VII
sub-lingual into floor of mouth: CN VII
parotid: CN IX

Question 11

what innervates the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?

Answer 11

taste: facial (CN VII)

general sensory: lingual branch of trigeminal (CN V3)

Question 12

what innervates the posterior 1/3rd tongue?

Answer 12

taste and general sensory: glossopharyngeal (CN IX)

Question 13

what is the role and innervation of the intrinsic muscles of the tongue and where are their fibres found?

Answer 13

change shape of the tongue
fibres in different directions but all within tongue
hypoglossal (CN XII)

Question 14

what is the role of the extrinsic muscles of the tongue and where are their fibres found?

Answer 14

change the position of the tongue in the mouth

fibres originate outside the tongue and insert into the tongue

Question 15

what are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 15

genioglossus
palatoglossus
styloglossus
hypoglossus

Question 16

what is the role of genioglossus?

Answer 16

depress tongue and protrude lip

Question 17

what innervates genioglossus?

Answer 17

hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Question 18

what is the role of palatoglossus?

Answer 18

elevate tongue (move soft palate)

Question 19

what innervates palatoglossus?

Answer 19

vagus nerve (CN X) in the pharyngeal plexus

Question 20

what is the role of styloglossus?

Answer 20

elevate and retract tongue

Question 21

what innervates styloglossus?

Answer 21

hypoglossal (CN XII)

Question 22

what is the role of hyoglossus?

Answer 22

depress tongue

Question 23

what innervates hyoglossus?

Answer 23

hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)

Question 24

what artery supplies the tongue and where does it arise from?

Answer 24

lingual artery (giving dorsal lingual, sublingual and deep lingual branches)
2nd anterior branch of the external carotid

Question 25

what provides venous drainage of the tongue?

Answer 25

deep lingual, sublingual and dorsal lingual veins --> lingual vein --> internal jugular vein (corresponds to arterial supply)

Question 26

what gives nervous supply to the tongue?

Answer 26

motor: CN X (palatoglossus), CN XII (all other muscles of tongue) sensory: internal laryngeal (CN X), glossopharyngeal (CN IX), chorda tympani (CN VII) and lingual nerve (CN V3)

Question 27

what provides lymphatic drainage of the tongue?

Answer 27

tip: submental lateral edges: inferior deep cervical nodes middle part and posterior: superior deep cervical

Question 28

what bones form the hard palate?

Answer 28

maxilla and palatine bones

Question 29

what innervates the hard palate?

Answer 29

nasopaltine nerve, greater and lesser palatine nerves | sensory: CN IX

Question 30

what muscles are present in the soft palate and what inervates them?

Answer 30

``` levator veli palatini palatopharyngeus palatoglossus musculus uvulae CN X in pharyngeal plexus ```

Question 31

what is the pterygopalatine ganglion, where is it found and where do its axons innervate?

Answer 31

parasympathetic ganglion in the pterygopalatine fossa | lacrimal glands and nasal mucosa (through greater and lesser palatine nerves)

Question 32

what innervates the pterygopalatine ganglion?

Answer 32

greater petrosal nerve (branch of CN VII)

Question 33

what gives nervous innervation to the teeth?

Answer 33

posterior middle and anterior superior alveolar nerves (CN V2) infra-orbital nerve (CN V2) mental branch (CN V3) incisive branch of inferior alveolar nerve (CN V3) dental branches of inferior alveolar nerve (CN V3) buccal branch (CN V3) all CNV3 from inferior alveolar nerve from lingual nerve (CNV3)

Question 34

what arteries supply the teeth?

Answer 34

anterior and posterior superior alveolar | inferior alveolar