Thigh Region

Question 0

What are the muscles of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

Answer 0

Pectineus, sartorius, iliopsoas (psoas major and iliacus), and quadriceps femoris (rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis)

Question 1

What are the three compartments of the thigh?

Answer 1

Anterior (extensor), medial (ADD), and posterior (flexor)

Question 2

What are the muscles of the medial compartment of the thigh?

Answer 2

Adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, gracilis, and obturator externus

Question 3

What is the adductor hiatus?

Answer 3

Opening between the distal aponeurotic attachment of the adductor part of the adductor magnus and the tendon of the hamstring part

Question 4

What are the contents of the adductor hiatus?

Answer 4

Femoral artery and vein

Question 5

When does the femoral triangle occur?

Answer 5

Occurs as a depression inferior to the inguinal ligament when the thigh is flexed, ABD, and ER

Question 6

What are the boundaries of the femoral triangle?

Answer 6

Superiorly - inguinal ligament
Medially - adductor longus
Laterally - sartorius

Question 7

What is the apex of the femoral triangle?

Answer 7

Medial border of the sartorius crosses the lateral border of the adductor longus

Question 8

What is the base of the femoral triangle?

Answer 8

Inguinal ligament

Question 9

What is the floor of the femoral triangle?

Answer 9

Laterally - iliopsoas

Medially - pectineus

Question 10

What is the roof of the femoral triangle?

Answer 10

Fascia lata, cribriform fascia, subcutaneous tissue, and skin

Question 11

What are the contents of the femoral triangle?

Answer 11

Lateral to medial: femoral nerve, femoral artery, femoral vein, femoral canal, and deep inguinal lymph nodes and associated lymphatic vessels

Question 12

What is the retroinguinal space and its compartments?

Answer 12

Created as the inguinal ligament spans the gap between the ASIS and pubic tubercle - medial and lateral compartments divided by ilipsoas fascia

Question 13

What is the medial compartment of the retroinguinal space?

Answer 13

Allows passage of the veins, arteries, and lymphatics between the greater pelvis and the femoral triangle

Question 14

What is the lateral compartment of the retroinguinal space?

Answer 14

Muscular compartment through which the iliopsoas and femoral nerve pass

Question 15

What bissects the femoral triangle?

Answer 15

Femoral artery and vein which pass to and from the adductor canal at its apex

Question 16

What is the adductor canal?

Answer 16

Intermuscular passageway for the femoral artery and vein, saphenous nerve, and nerve to the vastus medialis

Question 17

What are the boundaries of the adductor canal?

Answer 17

Anteriorly and laterally - vastus medialis
Posteriorly - adductor longus and adductor magnus
Medially - sartorius

Question 18

What is the roof of the adductor canal?

Answer 18

Sartorius

Question 19

What are the three compartments of the femoral sheath?

Answer 19

Lateral - for the femoral artery
Medial - for the femoral canal
Intermediate - for the femoral vein

Question 20

What is the base of the femoral canal?

Answer 20

Femoral ring

Question 21

What are the boundaries of the femoral ring?

Answer 21

Laterally - femoral septum between the femoral canal and the femoral vein
Posteriorly - superior pubic ramus covered by the pectineus and its fascia
Medially - lacunar ligament
Anteriorly - medial part of the inguinal ligament

Question 22

Semitendinosous

Answer 22

Origin: ischial tuberosity

Insertion: medial surface of the superior part of the tibia

Innervation: tibial divison of the sciatic nerve (L5,S1, S2)

Action: extend thigh, flex leg and IR when knee is flexed, extend trunk when thigh and leg are flexed

Question 23

Semimembranosous

Answer 23

Origin: ischial tuberosity

Insertion: posterior part of the medial condyle of the tibia

Innervation: tibial division of the sciatic nerve (L5,S1,S2)

Action: extend thigh, flex leg and IR when knee is flexed, and extend trunk when thigh and leg are flexed

Question 25

Biceps femoris long head

Answer 25

Origin: ischial tuberosity Insertion: lateral surface of the head of the fibula Innervation: tibial division of the sciatic nerve (L5,S1,S2) Action: flex leg, ER when knee is flexed, and extend thigh

Question 26

Biceps femoris short head

Answer 26

Origin: linea aspera and lateral supracondylar line of femur Insertion: lateral surface of the head of the fibula Innervation: common fibular branch of the sciatic nerve (L5,S1,S2) Action: flex leg, ER when knee is flexed, and extend thigh

Question 27

Rectus femoris

Answer 27

Origin: AIIS and ilium superior to acetabulum Insertion: base of patella via quadriceps tendon and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament Innervation: femoral nerve (L2,L3,L4) Action: extend leg at knee joint and helps iliopsoas flex the thigh

Question 28

Vastus lateralis

Answer 28

Origin: lateral lip of the linea aspera and greater trochanter of the femur Insertion: base of the patella via the quadriceps tendon, tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament, and tibia and patella via aponeuroses Innervation: femoral nerve (L2,L3,L4) Action: extend leg at knee joint

Question 29

Vastus medialis

Answer 29

Origin: medial lip of the linea aspera and the intertrochanteric line Insertion: base of the patella via the quadriceps tendon, tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament, and tibia and patella via aponeuroses Innervation: femoral nerve (L2,L3,L4) Action: extend leg at knee joint

Question 30

Vastus intermedius

Answer 30

Origin: anterior and lateral surfaces of the shaft of the femur Insertion: base of patella via quadriceps tendon and tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament Innervation: femoral nerve (L2,L3,L4) Action: extend leg at knee joint

Question 31

Pectineus

Answer 31

Origin: superior pubic ramus Insertion: pectineal line of femur Innervation: femoral nerve (L2,L3) Action: ADD and flex thigh and assist with IR

Question 32

Sartorius

Answer 32

Origin: ASIS and superior part of notch inferior to it Insertion: superior part of medial surface of the tibia Innervation: femoral nerve (L2,L3) Action: ABD, flex, and ER thigh at hip joint and flex leg at knee joint

Question 33

Psoas major

Answer 33

Origin: lumbar transverse processes and sides of T12-L5 vertebral bodies and intervening discs Insertion: lesser trochanter of the femur Innervation: anterior rami of lumbar nerves (L1,L2,L3) Action: flex thigh at hip joint and stabilize hip joint

Question 34

Iliacus

Answer 34

Origin: iliac crest, iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, and anterior sacroiliac ligament Insertion: lesser trochanter of the femur and psoas major tendon Innervation: femoral nerve (L2,L3) Action: flex thigh at hip joint and help stabilize hip joint

Question 35

Adductor longus

Answer 35

Origin: body of pubis inferior to pubic crest Insertion: middle third of the linea aspera of the femur Innervation: obturator nerve (L2,L3,L4) Action: ADD thigh

Question 36

Adductor brevis

Answer 36

Origin: body and inferior pubic ramus Insertion: pectineal line and proximal part of linea aspera of femur Innervation: obturator nerve (L2,L3,L4) Action: ADD thigh and some flexion

Question 37

Adductor magnus

Answer 37

Origin: (adductor) ischial ramus and inferior pubic ramus; (hamstring) ischial tuberosity Insertion: (adductor) linea aspera, medial supracondylar line, and gluteal tuberosity; (hamstring) adductor tubercle of femur Innervation: (adductor) obturator nerve (L2,L3,L4); (hamstring) tibial division of the sciatic nerve (L4) Action: ADD thigh - (adductor) flexes thigh; (hamstring) extends thigh

Question 38

Gracilis

Answer 38

Origin: body and inferior pubic ramus Insertion: superior part of the medial surface of the tibia Innervation: obturator nerve (L2,L3) Action: ADD thigh, flex leg, and help IR

Question 39

Obturator externus

Answer 39

Origin: margins of obturator foramen and obturator membrane Insertion: trochanteric fossa of femur Innervation: obturator nerve (L2,L3) Action: ER thigh and steadies head of femur in acetabulum