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Flashcards in Things I Should Just Know Deck (27)
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1
Q

Eukaryotic Cell?

A

A cell that differs from a prokaryotic cell chiefly by having a nuclear membrane (a well-defined nucleus), membrane-bound subcellular organelles, and miotic cell division. Humans are eukaryotic. :)

2
Q

Capsid?

A

The protein covering of a virus’s nucleic acid core. Capsids exhibit symmetry due to the regular arrangement of subunits called capsomers.

3
Q

Nucleocapsid?

A

In viruses, the close physical combination of the nucleic acid with its protective covering.

4
Q

Enveloped virus?

A

A virus whose nucelocapsid is enclosed by a membrane derived in part from the host cell. It usually contains exposed glycoproteins spikes specific for the virus.

5
Q

Virion?

A

An elementary virus particle in its complete morphological and thus infectious form. A virion consists of the nucleic acid core surrounded by a capsid, which can be enclosed in an envelope.

6
Q

Genome?

A

The complete set of chromosomes and genes in an organism.

7
Q

Retrovirus?

A

A group of RNA viruses (including HIV) that have the mechanisms for converting their genome into a double strand of DNA that can be inserted on a host’s chromosome.

8
Q

Syncytium? (Syncytia, plural)

A

A multinucleated protoplasmic mass formed by consolidation of individual cells.

9
Q

Oncogene?

A

A naturally occurring type of gene that when activated can transform a normal cell into a cancer cell.

10
Q

Lysogeny?

A

The indefinite persistence of bacteriophage DNA in a host without bringing about the production of virions.

11
Q

Bacteriophage?

A

A virus that specifically infects bacteria.

12
Q

Signs?

A

Any abnormality uncovered upon physical diagnosis that indicates the presence of disease. A sign is an objective assessment of disease, as opposed to symptom, which is the subjective assessment perceived by the patient.

13
Q

Symptom?

A

The subjective evidence of infection and disease as perceived by the patient.

14
Q

Asymptomatic?

A

An infection that produces no noticeable symptoms even though the microbe is active in the host tissue.

15
Q

Syndrome?

A

The collection of signs and symptoms that, taken together, paint a portrait of the disease.

16
Q

Communicable?

A

Capable of being transmitted from one individual to another.

17
Q

Nosocomial or HAI?

A

An infection not present upon admission to a hospital but incurred while being treated there.

18
Q

Prevalence?
Incidence?
Morbidity?
Mortality?

A

Prevalence - the total number of cases of a disease in a certain area and time.
Incidence - In epidemiology, the number of new cases of a disease occurring during a period.
Morbidity - A diseased condition
Mortality - loss of life

19
Q

Pathogenicity?
vs:
Virulence?

A

Pathogenicity - the capacity of microbes to cause disease

Virulence - In infection, the relative capacity of a pathogen to invade and harm host cells

20
Q

Exogenous?
vs:
Endogenous?

A

Exogenous: Originating outside of the body
Endogenous: Originating or produced within an organism or one of its parts.

21
Q

Epidemiology?

A

The study of the factors affecting the prevalence and spread of a disease within a community.

22
Q

Endemic?
Epidemic?
Pandemic?

A

Endemic disease - a native disease that prevails continuously in a geographic region.
Epidemic - A sudden and simultaneous outbreak or increase in the number of cases of disease in a community.
Pandemic - A disease afflicting an increased proportion of the population over a wide geographic area (often worldwide).

23
Q

Infectious dose (ID)?

A

The amount of pathogen required to cause an infection in the host.

24
Q

Virus?

A

Microscopic, acellular agent composed of nucleic acid surrounded by a protein coat.

25
Q

Protozoa?

A

A group of single-celled, eukaryotic organisms

26
Q

Fungus?

A

Heterotrophic unicellular or multicellular eukaryotic organism that may take the form of a larger macroscopic organism, as in the case of mushrooms, or a smaller microscopic organism, as in the case of yeasts and molds.

27
Q

bacteria?

A

Category of prokaryotes with peptidoglycan in their cell walls and circular chromosone(s). The group of a small cell is widely distributed in the earth’s habitats.