Thinkers and authors and their main ideas (by Amanda)

Question 1

Chakrabarty and the main idea of the article

Answer 1

Provincialising Europe
- European way: influenced by traditions and historical elements
- development isnt universal (european ideas doesnt always apply)
critizises the idea of european universal thought
-Marxism is a tool to understand

Question 2

Wallerstein and the main ideas of the article

Answer 2

world system analysis: The modern world-system is characterized by a capitalist world-economy that has expanded to cover the entire globe. It is not a unitary political structure but consists of interconnected states and groups.

Question 3

Wolf and the main ideas of the article

Answer 3

Societies dont develop independently
- global interconnection
-he challenges the eurocentric view of history
-advocates for a more holistic approach
-thinks in terms of processes and connections (everything is connected)

Question 4

Modernization theory

Answer 4

Continuous linear development (think US as a good example)
- a framework that doesn’t reflect reality
- rational ordering of society
- economic modernization

Question 5

Dependency theory

Answer 5

A reaction to modernization theory and is critical of the false promises of modernization theory to and the hope that faster economic growth ‘modernisation’ in developing countries by itself would benefit the broad masses of poor people has not been fulfilled and no concept of development can be accepted which continues to condemn hundreds of millions of people to starvation and despair.

Question 6

World systems theory

Answer 6

Modernization happens differently in different states
-World systems are a better unit of analysis than nation states themselves
-the world is one large economy
- not a unitary political structure
-we need a more interdisciplinary approach

Question 7

Reification

Answer 7

Reification:
To consider or represent something abstract as a material or concrete thing: to give definite content and form to a concept or idea
Thingification

Turning something that is a process, a concept, or a entity into a fixed thing. Something that is dynamic is made static, you lose the processes context and relationships behind them.

There is a danger of reincation in that we create false models of reality

Question 8

Fat and lean economies

Answer 8

Olopade terms she uses to talk about development

Question 9

Fail/failed states

Answer 9

bureaucracy does not work
corruption
no democracy
unpredictable government
unofficial economy

Question 10

Big D development

Answer 10

systematic approach to control development (usually from western perspective)
-controlling
-political and economic interests
-planning

Question 11

Small D development

Answer 11

uintentional development
eg. kanju
Study of immanent processes of development
more on the processes that happens at the local level and not state governed or created

Question 12

Wertheim and the main idea of the article

Answer 12

-critique of colonialism
-critical stance to western centric interpretations of social development
-global sociology should include non western perspective
-no divide between non western and western approach
-there is no such thing as linear development
-inclusivity in studying perspectives

Question 13

Pardo and the main idea of the article

Answer 13

Legitimacy and legality
Agency vs system

Question 14

Goodale and the main idea of the article

Answer 14

Human rights are not universal but shaped by cultural, political and historical contexts
- western centric
its being wrongfully used to justify interventions
advocates for a more context sensitive approach

Question 15

Gregson and Crang: Illicit economies

Answer 15

informal/formal: instutions
legal/illegal: law
illicit/legit: moral code/morality
from economic geopgraphy to cultural economy
illegal/illicit business is embedded in the global economy
moving beyond the legal/illegal binary
Economic activity (relate to Pardo and Olopade)

Question 16

Rodney and the main idea of the article

Answer 16

Europe’s capitalistic expansion was made on the exploitation of Africa
Trade and slavery between Europe and Africa
Europe is to blame for Africas underdevelopment

Question 17

Bakker and Nooteboom

Answer 17

inclusive development
- big D and small d development
- we dont have inclusivity in our approach to development

Question 18

Mahbubani and the main idea of the article

Answer 18

Europe has to accept that its not the bigges force anymore
The Global South and the rise of China doesnt want to dominate the West but replicate the West
Sharing powers and stop fighting the change would benefit Europe

Question 19

Mantunhu and the main idea of the article

Answer 19

Modernization and dependency theory have failed to develop Africa
The west disregards Africa’s own interests and continues to exploit the continent
Alternative approach: the african renaissance: agency of africans, local solutions, power back to the countries

Question 20

Banerjee and Dufloo and the main idea of the article

Answer 20

research about poverty
the economic life of the poor
poverty is not just an economical concern but a is deeply connected to social, cultural and political factors
unidisciplinary perspective

Question 21

Normative humanism

Answer 21

a group has their own ethical system rather than outsied imposed rights

Question 22

Underdevelopment

Answer 22

-comparing levels of development
-not a natural stage, but a consequence of colonial exploitation, where African economies were shaped to serve Western interests.

Question 23

Steur and the main idea of the article

Answer 23

Shift from Communism to Indigenism in India
- disillusionment with the communist party
global shifts to indeginous groups
no social integration for indiginous groups
paternalism form the state/communist party
the dynamic between the adivasi people and the communist party relating to small d development and big d development

Question 24

Danger of reification

Answer 24

Wolf: reification creates false models of reality. He looks
at connections and relations, not at societies as
static ‘things’.

Question 25

Kanju

Answer 25

the specific creativity born from African difficulty. An emic concept To make do, to find solutions and use what you have

Question 26

The satellite/metropole model

Answer 26

Relates to exploitation in capitalist world system - Metropole (Core): Refers to the wealthy, industrialized nations or regions (often Western Europe and North America in the historical context). Satellite (Periphery): Refers to the less-developed, often colonized, or economically exploited regions (often in the Global South, such as Africa, Latin America, and parts of Asia).

Question 27

Forced draft urbanization

Answer 27

Forced draft urbanization refers to the rapid and often coercive development of urban areas, where population growth and urban expansion occur due to external pressures rather than organic or planned growth.

Question 28

Modes of production

Answer 28

capitalist, tributary, and kin-ordered. - focuses on the capitalist mode and its impact - The concept of mode of production reveals the political-economic relationships that underlie social interactions. - Everything that goes into the production of the nessecities of life

Question 29

Capitalist mode of production

Answer 29

-control over the means of the production -maximaxing profits -based on class

Question 30

Kin-ordered mode of production

Answer 30

- Direct producer-user - Own control over means of production - Based on kinship

Question 31

Tributary mode of production

Answer 31

Access to means of production through payment to a local ruler -can be a leader/head of clan -peope use to gain status, creates hierachy

Question 32

Ambedkar and the main idea of the article:

Answer 32

- we have to understand the caste system as a part of a broader social system in India and we can not look at it as a isolated entity - stratification is not possible, it is a individualistic European concept which does not make sense in the hierarchical, collectivist societies of the Indian subcontinent.