Thinking

Question 0

Concepts

Answer 0

How one represents the relationship between two things

Question 1

Cognitive psychology

Answer 1

The study of thinking, processing, and reasoning.

Question 2

Hypotheses

Answer 2

Ideas used to test relationships and then to form concepts.

Question 3

Mental set

Answer 3

The preconceived notion of how to look at a problem.

Question 4

Schema

Answer 4

And organized bunch of knowledge gathered from prior experiences that includes ideas about specific events or objects and the attributes that accompany them.

Question 5

Scripts

Answer 5

Ideas about the way events typically unfold

Question 6

Prototypes

Answer 6

The representative or usual type of an object or event

Question 7

Insight

Answer 7

Having a new perspective on an old problem

Question 8

Convergent thinking

Answer 8

A type of thinking used to find the one solution to a problem

Question 9

Divergent thinking

Answer 9

A type of thinking used when there are more than one possible solutions to a problem

Question 10

Functional fixedness

Answer 10

The idea that people develop closed minds about the functions of certain objects. from this, they cannot think of creative uses or think divergently

Question 11

Problem space

Answer 11

The sum total of possible moves that one can make in order to solve the problem

Question 12

Algorithm

Answer 12

Problem solving strategies that consider every possible solution and eventually hit on the correct solution

Question 13

Heuristic

Answer 13

Problem-solving strategy that uses rules of thumb or shortcuts based on what has worked in the past.

Question 14

Metacognition

Answer 14

Refers to the process of thinking about our own thinking

Question 15

Mediation

Answer 15

The intervening mental process that occurs between stimulus and response

Question 16

Deductive reasoning

Answer 16

Leads to a specific conclusion that must follow from the information given

Question 17

Inductive reasoning

Answer 17

Leads to general rules that are inferred from specifics

Question 18

Atmosphere effect

Answer 18

When a conclusion is influenced by the way information is phrased.

Question 19

Semantic effect

Answer 19

Believing in conclusions because of what you know or think to be correct rather than what logically follows from the information given

Question 20

Confirmation bias

Answer 20

Remembering and using information that confirms what you already think

Question 21

Decision makeing

Answer 21

Working on solving a problem until an acceptable solution is found

Question 22

Intelligence

Answer 22

Frequently debated definition. Most people tend to agree that intelligence is the capacity to use knowledge to improve achievement in the environment

Question 23

Reaction time

Answer 23

Frequently used to measure cognitive processes. Also called latency

Question 24

Stroop effect

Answer 24

Decrease speed of naming the color of ink used to print words when the color of ink and the word itself are of different colors

Question 25

Bottom up processing

Answer 25

Recognizing an item or pattern from data or details

Question 26

Top down processing

Answer 26

Recognizing an item or pattern from larger concepts

Question 27

Automatic processing

Answer 27

When a task is effortlessly done because the task is subsumed under a larger organizational process