Memory

Question 0

Sensory memory

Answer 0

Only lasts for a few seconds and forms the connection between perception and memory

Question 1

Three stages of memory

Answer 1

Sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory

Question 2

Iconic memory

Answer 2

Studied by George Sperling. He found that people could see more than they can remember. This is a classic psychological experiment where subjects were shown A grid containing letters. they were instructed to write down the letters of a particular line although subjects were able to do this, they inevitably forgot the other letters at the time that it took to write the first ones down. This proved that sensory memory exists.

Question 3

Short-term memory

Answer 3

Temporary, lasts only for a few seconds or minutes. Is thought to be largely auditory and items are coded phonologically.

Question 4

Working memory

Answer 4

The temporary memory that is needed to perform the task that someone is working on at that moment.

Question 5

George Miller

Answer 5

Discovered that short-term memory has the capacity of about seven items, plus or -2 items.

Question 6

Chunking

Answer 6

Grouping items together. Can increase the capacity of short-term memory

Question 7

Rehearsal

Answer 7

The process by which items and short-term memory are transferred into long-term memory. Primary rehearsal simply involves repeating the material in order to hold it in short-term memory. Secondary rehearsal involves organizing and understanding material in order to transfer into long-term memory.

Question 8

Long-term memory

Answer 8

Capable of permanent retention. Most items are learned semantically, for meaning.

Question 9

Recognition

Answer 9

A process that requires subjects to recognize things learned in the past. Multiple-choice tests tap recognition.

Question 10

Recall

Answer 10

A process that requires subjects generate information on their own.

Question 11

Savings

Answer 11

Measures how much information about a subject remains in long-term memory by assessing how long it takes to learn something the second time as opposed to the first time.

Question 12

Encoding specificity principle

Answer 12

Present in long-term memory. Material is more likely to be remembered if it is retrieved in the same context in which it was stored.

Question 13

Episodic memory

Answer 13

Consists of details, events, and discreet knowledge.

Question 14

Semantic memory

Answer 14

Consists of general knowledge of the world

Question 15

Procedural memory

Answer 15

Knowing how to do something

Question 16

Declarative memory

Answer 16

Knowing a fact

Question 17

Explicit memory

Answer 17

Knowing something and being consciously aware of knowing it

Question 18

Implicit memory

Answer 18

Knowing something without being aware of knowing it

Question 19

Decay theory

Answer 19

Posits that memories fade with time

Question 20

Interference theory

Answer 20

Suggests that competing information blocks memory retrieval

Question 21

Clustering

Answer 21

The brains tendency to group together similar items and memory whether they are learning together or not.

Question 22

Flashbulb memories

Answer 22

Memories that appear burned into the brain, though often in accurately.