Thinking and decision making

Question 1

What is thinking?

Answer 1

Process of using knowledge and information to make plans, interpret the world, and make decisions about the world in general

This includes various components such as decision making, problem solving, creativity, and reasoning.

Question 2

What are the components of thinking?

Answer 2

• Decision making
• Problem solving
• Creativity
• Reasoning

Each component plays a distinct role in the overall process of thinking.

Question 3

Define decision making.

Answer 3

Process of identifying and choosing alternatives based on values and preferences of the decision-maker

Essential during problem-solving to reach a conclusion.

Question 4

What is problem solving?

Answer 4

Thinking directed toward solving specific problems by means of a set of mental strategies

Involves applying knowledge and reasoning to find solutions.

Question 5

What does the Dual Processing Theory propose?

Answer 5

There are 2 basic modes of thinking: System 1 and System 2

Different problems require different ways of thinking.

Question 6

What is System 1 thinking?

Answer 6

Automatic, intuitive, and effortless way of thinking

Employs heuristics and is prone to errors.

Question 7

What are heuristics?

Answer 7

Mental shortcuts that involve focusing on one aspect of a complex problem and ignoring others

Useful for efficient processing but may lead to inaccuracies.

Question 8

In what situations is System 1 more likely to be used?

Answer 8

When cognitive load is high, when there are many things to think about simultaneously, or when decisions need to be made quickly

Activated before System 2 can function effectively.

Question 9

What characterizes System 2 thinking?

Answer 9

Slower, conscious, rational mode of thinking

Involves careful reasoning and analysis.

Question 10

What does System 2 use to arrive at solutions?

Answer 10

Conscious reasoning by interpreting situations and eliminating possibilities based on sensory evidence

Works with abstract concepts and logic.

Question 11

What are the advantages of System 2 thinking?

Answer 11

• More reliable
• Allows for analysis of the world
• Helps understand what is likely to happen next and how to influence situations

Requires more effort and concentration.

Question 12

True or False: System 2 thinking is prone to creating feelings of certitude and confidence.

Answer 12

False

System 2 thinking is less likely to create feelings of certitude.