Third Civil Ear And Protectorate Flashcards

Question

An agreement of the people

Answer 1

3 versions of this - Oct 1647 - December 1648 - May 1649 Proposals included - right to vote men over 21 apart from servant beggars and royalists - annual elections to parliament w MPs serving 1 term onlyc - abolition of military conscription - Law in English - no army officer, treasurer or lawyer could be an MP (to avoid conflict of interest) - tax in proportion to real or personal property - equal before law

Answer 2

Only Regle with a plan Accused Cromwell of betraying the revolution - agitation with the army

Answer 3

Too big risk to large enfranchise Parliament needed gentry support Royalists or religious radicals could win

Answer 4

Returning England to slavery Failure to live up to the promises of a revolution

Answer 5

On a charge of sedition - encouraging people to rebel

Answer 6

One of the bishops Lokyer was sentenced to death

Answer 7

Prospect of service in Ireland NMA not paid fully yet

Answer 8

Popular hero who idolised Cromwell

Answer 9

Sold the crown lands Allocated crown lands and individual regiments to sell off and pay themselves from proceedings

Answer 10

Grandees banned petitions to parliament by soldiers March 8 leveller troopers went to the commander in chief of the NMA, Fairfax and demanded the restoration of the fight to petition 5 of them were cashiered out of the army

Answer 11

Lilburne Walwyn Prince Overton Imprisoned Tower of London by council of state They wrote an outline of the reforms the Levellers wanted while imprisoned, on a pamphlet called ‘an agreement of the free people of England’ (May 1649) It includes reforms that have since been made laws in England such as the right to silence, and others that have not been such as an elected judiciary

Answer 12

April 1649 300 Infantrymen of Hewson’s regiment who declared they would Not serve Ireland until the levellers programme had been realised, were cashiered without arrests of pay (the threat that had been used to quell the mutiny at cork bush field) Later that month, in the bishopgate mutiny, soldiers of the regiment of Whaley made demands similar - ordered out of London When refused to go, 15 soldiers arrested and court marriages. 6 sentenced to death. 5 later pardoned. Lockyer - former leveller agitator - Hunt April 1649

Answer 13

Mutiny by soldiers I the english new model army- didn’t achieve all aims and some leaders executed shortly after in May Over pay and political demands. Pay was diffused by Cromwell acknowledging the justice of soldiers financial grievances and securing 100,000 towards payment of arrears from Parliament 400 troops under captain Thompson who were sympathetic to levellers set off from Banbury where they were billeted, to speak w other regiments at Salisbury about their political demands Cromwell and Fairfax sent major white to mediate Thompson’s troops and say force would not be used 13 May force used Several mutineers killed Thompson escapes but killed later in diggers community After being inprisoned, three other leaders shot: James Thompson, Perkins and church - May Destroyed leveller power base in NMA

Answer 14

Oct 1649 Treason Exiled on orders of rump and whenche soufht to return he was rearrested despite promises of good behaviour

Answer 15

The humble petition of women Wasn’t successful Make levellers didn’t support

Answer 16

Politically flaw Influence never beyond London Leadership Never a movement - just like minded people Disagreed of things When economy improved after 1649- toleration Dream shared by too few Asked for too much and too little

Answer 17

The diggers called themselves true levellers Most radical of sects Called for restructuring of land ownership Overthrow monarchy and declaration of free commonwealth 1649- seen as first step towards abolition of private property rights in favour of communal ownership of land

Answer 18

Communities were established to cultivate waste and common land Hoped begin process of restoring land to rightful owners, the commo people rather than those incpower 1648 Dec ‘light shining in Buckinghamshire’ published by levellers - active in anti-enclosure riots in the county from 47-4 Called to overthrow nobility and equalisation of wealth A sequel ‘more light shining in Buckinghamshire’ 1649 appealed to NMA for support

Answer 19

Similar ideas were arising spontaneously around country 49-50 a number of digger communities occupied waste common land which they attempted to cultivate on a communal basis

Answer 20

During spring 1650, emissaries send from winstanleys settlement on Cobham Health to make contact with other Digger communities and groups of sympathisers incthe Home Counties and midlands 34 places names inc Buckinghamshire Bedfordshire Bosworth I leicester

Answer 21

Rapid spread caused fierce reaction Surrey diggers persecuted by local gentry with legal action, economic boycott and violence April 1650, diggers shelter were burned down and crops destroyed Other communities met similar fate and movement was suppressed by end of 1650 In 1652, winstanley published The Law of Freedom in which he proposed the introduction of his utopian commonwealth by state action Though dedicated to Cromwell, Winstanleys championing of the Rights ofnhe common man over the rights of landowners had little influence during commonwealth and protectorate

Answer 22

Physical return Jesus as king Old order has to be overthrows Civil wars vital prelude to millennium Movement central London and spread south eng - congregations in places like Cornwall Fifth monarchists in north wales from ministries of the millenarian preachers Powell Movement didnnot spread north apart from Liverpool etc

Answer 23

Army and navy -several 5 monarchists ministers had served as officers or army chaplains Urban tradesmen and craftsmen With a high proportion of cloth workers, whose trade was adversely affected by civil wars. Journeymen and apprentices were often found among the most volatile congregations

Answer 24

Major general Harrison John Carew Rich Henry vane the younger

Answer 25

Cromwell dissolves Parliament 1653, fifth monarchists hailed him as second Moses Political influence reached peak when Nokibayed Assembly (barebones Parliament) governed commonwealth 6 months 1653 Abrupt dissolution of nominated assembly and establishment of cromwells protectorate Dec 1653 was seen as betrayel by fifth monarchists Simpson imprisoned after denouncing Cromwell Harrison dismissed from army and loads of fifth monarchists officers resigned their commissions However, sect continued to agitate against the protectorate with pamphlets and petitions throughout the 1650sb Also frequent rumpurs of 5th monarchist plots to subvert the army and overthrow gov

Answer 26

1657, a fifth monarchist plot for an uprising against Cromwell was discovered and the ringleader Venner imprisoned until protectorate ended 1659 During political turmoil that followed the fall of the protectorate, rumours of imminent fifth monarchist uprising contributed to sense of instability in nation and to belief there could be no settled order until king returned

Answer 27

Rump expected - radical changed in church but few concessions made Steps taken to curb excess of millnarians and ranters. With the disappearance of old Church courts, moral offences were made into secular crimes Adultry Act 1650- death penalty for adultryctjo never applied Boashphemy Act 1650- curbing extreme religious enthusiasm Cencoship imposes - limit millenarian pamphlets and the first gov journal giving official version of events was published Observance of sabbath was enforced

Answer 28

Statue that required compulsory attendance at church repealed in sept 1650 toleration Act Dated back to Elizabeth first - mainstay of power of Anglican bishops

Answer 29

Catholic Irish had rebelled and massacered Protestant settlers in 1641 About 4000 Protestants has been killed but parliament but a figure near 200,000 So Cromwell who thought catholic beliefs were wronf went to work against them

Answer 30

Spent 9 months Captured Drogheda in September 1649 His troops massacred nearly 3500 people including 2700 royalist soldiers, all the men in yowncwoth weapons and probably some civilians prisoners and priests At the siege of Wexford October 1649, 2000 Irish soldiers and perhaps 1500 civilians were killed

Answer 31

* Slaughtering civilians as well as soldiers * Transporting many irish catholic’s as slaves to West Indies * Giving catholic’s land to Protestant settlers and exiling the Irish go poor land in Connacht in the west of Ireland Others argue •Cromwell ordered men not to kill civilians and hanged those who did •little evidence ever sent slaves to West Indies •Cromwell refused to shoe mercy to people of Drogheda as the laws of war allowesbat the time, because they refused to surrender. He wrote later that he gave the order only to stop bloodshed in the long run

Answer 32

Drogheda was 1 of best fortified towns in Ireland 2 districts of it Connected by drawbridge across river Town protected by circuit of walls 4-6 weeks wide and twenty feet high that were punctuated by a number of guard towers Sir Arthur Aston boasted that anyone who could take Drogheda could capture hell itself The Marquis of Ormand hopes Aston would gain time for the royalists by a prolonged defence that would weaken the parliamentarian army through disease and attrition Cromwell was also aware of this possibility and was determined to storm town quickly

Answer 33

Summons to surrender 10 sept - Aston rejected Bombardment hahah as soon as Aston had rejected Cromwell’s summons. By noon 11 September, the heavy siege guns had blasted breaches in the southerncand eastern walls and demolished the seeple of st Mary’s Church Around 5.00 that evening, Cromwell ordered storming to begin Regiments was of colonel castle and colonel ewer attacked the southern break while colonel Hewsons regiment crossed the ravine and attacked the east Sir Arthur Aston and about 300 of his men fell back on Mill Mount Cromwell ordered no quater was to be given. Mill Mount was protected by a bank and ditch and a timber palisade but these defences were soon broken down and royalist put to the sword Aston was bludgeoned to death by own wooden leg - parliamentarian soldiers believed to be filled with gold coins The rest of the garrison fled across the Boyne into the northern part of the town, pursued closely by Venables troops who prevented the royalists from raising the drawbridge behind them

Answer 34

According to 17 century warfare, a besieged city that refused a summons to surrender - expect mocmercy Cromwell said yes and catholic’s slaughtered Protestants. Many prot would share this view Cromwell - warning to other garrisons in iteland to surrender and not risk same fate Not clear how many acc does 3552 dead - 2800 soldiers. 700-800 civilians Only surviving account - Bernard - royalist Protestant He says 30 of parishioners sheltering in his house. Parlvtroops fled through windows killing one and injuring another Stopped from killing when officer known to Bernard identified them as Protestants Catholic’s prob experiences worse Week after Drogheda- Royalist press in England claimined 2000-3000 dead civilians A theme that was taken up both in English royalist and in Irish Catholic accounts. Irish clerical sources in 1660s claimed 4000 died at Drogheda Treachery

Third Civil Ear And Protectorate Flashcards

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