Third partial

Question 1

What does skin do?

Answer 1

Provides a layer of protection against pathogens, physical abrasions, and radiation

Question 2

Which are the three skin layers?

Answer 2

-Epidermis -Dermis -Hypodermis

Question 3

How does the skin help maintain homeostasis?

Answer 3

By maintaining a constant body temperature and making the body aware of external stimuli with the sense of touch

Question 4

Which are the skin’s main functions?

Answer 4

-Protection -Thermoregulation -Sensation -Synthesis of vitamin D -Excretion of salts and wastes through sweat

Question 5

Which are the epidermis’ five layers?

Answer 5

-Stratum Basale -Stratum Espinosum -Stratum Granulosum -Stratum Lucidum -Stratum Corneum

Question 6

What does the dermis give?

Answer 6

Strength, extensibility and felxibility

Question 7

Which are some of the accessory organs of the skin?

Answer 7

-Hairs -Nails -Sweat glands -Different glands

Question 8

What is melanoma?

Answer 8

Skin cancer that forms in melanocytes

Question 9

Where does melanoma begin?

Answer 9

In the epidermal basal layer

Question 10

Which are some of the risk factors for melanoma?

Answer 10

-Fair skin -Tendency to burn -Intense bursts of sun exposure -Moles -Genetics

Question 11

Which are the three types of burns?

Answer 11

-Chemical -Electrical -Thermal

Question 12

Which part of the skin is damaged in a first degree burn?

Answer 12

Epidermis

Question 13

Which part of the skin is damaged in a second degree burn?

Answer 13

Epidermis & partial thickness of the dermis

Question 14

Which part of the skin is damaged in a third degree burn?

Answer 14

Epidermis, dermis & deeper tissues

Question 15

What does the endocrine system consist of?

Answer 15

The endocrine hormones and the glands that produce them

Question 16

What is the hypothalums?

Answer 16

The part of the brain that contains neurosecretary cells

Question 17

What is the pituitary gland?

Answer 17

Where hormones are produced

Question 18

Which hormone is produced in the hypothalamus (to anterior pituitary) and which are its functions?

Answer 18

Tropic hormones

Influence another gland’s hormone production

Question 19

Which hormone is produced in the anterior pituitary and which are its functions?

Answer 19

Growth hormone

Promotes growth and development of all tissues.

Stimulates cells to take more amino acids, to move fats, and release glucose for energy.

Increseases the cell division into cartilage and bone for growth.

Question 20

Which hormone is produced in the hypothalamus (to posterior pituitary) and which are its functions?

Answer 20

Antidiuretic hormone & Oxytocin

Released when neural activity in the brain stimulates neurosecretory cells

Question 21

Which hormone is produced in the thyroid and which are its functions?

Answer 21

Thyroxine & Triiodothyronine

Increase the rate of cellular metabolism in target cells

Question 22

Which hormone is produced in the parathyroid and which are its functions?

Answer 22

Parathyroid hormone

Maintains calcium levels in blood and tissue fluid

Question 23

Which hormone is produced in the pancreas and which are its functions?

Answer 23

Polypeptides

Regulate the body’s use of nutrients

Question 24

Which hormone is produced in the testes and which are its functions?

Answer 24

Testosterone

Stimulates sperm production, and the development of secondary sexual features.

Controls prostate gland function

Question 25

Which hormone is produced in the ovaries and which are its functions?

Answer 25

**Estrogen & Progesterone** Stimulate the development of female sexual features. Control the menstrual cycle.

Question 26

Which hormone is produced in the adrenal cortex and adrenal medulla, and which are its functions?

Answer 26

**Epinephrine (adrenaline) & norepinephrine (noradrenaline)** Help the body respond to and survive emergencies

Question 27

What is cortisol?

Answer 27

Hormone released in response to stress, trauma, or exposure to extreme temperatures; which promotes the use of fats as energy

Question 28

What is aldosterone?

Answer 28

Hormone that controls sodium concentrations

Question 29

What is hyperthyroidism?

Answer 29

Having a hyperactive thyroid gland, resulting in an increased metabolism

Question 30

What is hypothyroidism?

Answer 30

Having a hypoactive thyroid gland, resultin in a decreased metabolism

Question 31

What is Cushing's Syndrome?

Answer 31

Elevated cortisol levels caused by medication or tumor in a gland

Question 32

What do tendons join?

Answer 32

Muscle and bone

Question 33

What do ligaments join?

Answer 33

Muscle and muscle

Question 34

Identify the different parts of skeletal muscles

Answer 34

Question 35

Each myofibril consists of repeating subunits called...

Answer 35

Sarcomeres

Question 36

Identify the different parts of the sarcomere

Answer 36

Question 37

How could you be able to identify actin & myosin in a sarcomere?

Answer 37

Myosin is the thick line Actin is the thin line

Question 38

What are joints?

Answer 38

The point where the bones meet

Question 39

Identify the different parts of the skeleton

Answer 39

Question 40

Which are some of the main functions of the skeleton?

Answer 40

* support the body and protect internal organs * allow locomotion * sensory function * store calcium & phosphorus * produce red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets

Question 41

Which parts form the axial skeleton?

Answer 41

* Head * Vertebral column * Rib cage

Question 42

Which parts form the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 42

* pectoral & pelvic girdles * appendages

Question 43

Which are the three types of cells found in the skeleton?

Answer 43

* **Osteoblasts:** bone forming cells * **Osteocytes:** mature bone cells * **Osteoclasts:** bone dissolving cells

Question 44

What is a fracture?

Answer 44

The loss of continuity in the bone

Question 45

What is a sprain?

Answer 45

Injury of the ligaments that surround a joint

Question 46

Which first aid measures would need to be taken in case of a sprain?

Answer 46

* Rest * Ice * Compression * Elevation * Try not to move

Question 47

What is a joint dislocation?

Answer 47

Abnormal separation in the joint

Question 48

What is reproduction?

Answer 48

Production of eggs and sperm and the processes leading to fertilization

Question 49

What are gonads?

Answer 49

**Ovaries and testes:** produce gametes

Question 50

What are gametes?

Answer 50

Haploid cells (sperms & ovum)

Question 51

Identify the different parts of the female reproductive system

Answer 51

Question 52

What do ovaries do?

Answer 52

Produce eggs, estrogen and progesterone

Question 53

What is the fimbriae?

Answer 53

Cilia that move the egg into the oviduct

Question 54

What does the uterine tube do?

Answer 54

Conducts the egg to the uterus

Question 55

What does the cervix do?

Answer 55

Nearly closes up the outer end of the uterus

Question 56

What is the vagina?

Answer 56

The birth canal and receptable of semen

Question 57

Identify the different stages of a follicle

Answer 57

Question 58

Analyze a woman's menstruation cycle

Answer 58

Question 59

Identify the different parts of the male reproductive system

Answer 59

Question 60

What do the testes do?

Answer 60

Produce testosterone

Question 61

What does the epididymis do?

Answer 61

Stores sperm and conducts them to the urethra

Question 62

What do the seminal vesicles do?

Answer 62

Secrete fluid into the semen

Question 63

Identify the different parts of a sperm cell

Answer 63

Question 64

What occurs with chlamidia?

Answer 64

It infects the genital tract, urethra, anus, and eyes

Question 65

Which are some of the sypmtoms for chlamidia?

Answer 65

* Tenderness of the vagina * Vaginal discharges

Question 66

Which are some of the symptoms for gonorrhea?

Answer 66

* Greenish/yellowish discharge * Pelvic pain * Dysuria

Question 67

What is syphillis?

Answer 67

A painless ulcer in the genitals

Question 68

Which are some of the side effects to syphillis in the long and short term?

Answer 68

Short term (4-8 weeks after infection): Fever, rash on the palms and soles Long term (1-20 years after infection): Destructive gummas, deformación de la cara literalmente

Question 69

What is AIDS?

Answer 69

Retrovirus that destroys CD4 and t Lymphocytes

Question 70

Which are some of the infections for AIDS?

Answer 70

* Night sweats * Weight loss * Recurrent infections