Thirst and urination

Question 1

What does turbidity mean?

Answer 1

Cloudiness

Question 2

What is the normal colour of dog and cat urine?

Answer 2

Pale yellow

Question 3

What can cloudiness indicate in cat and dog urine?

Answer 3

presence of puss, mucous and phosphates. can also indicate contamination by semen.

Question 4

What is the normal urine of a horse?

Answer 4

Yellow colour, cloudy

Question 5

what causes the cloudiness of horse urine?

Answer 5

the presence of calcium carbonate crystals

Question 6

What is the normal urine of guinea pigs?

Answer 6

Yellow colour and cloudiness

Question 7

What is the normal urine of a rabbit?

Answer 7

Colour can range from yellow to orange, has a cloudy appearance due to calcium carbonate crystals

Question 8

What is the normal urine of a female chinchilla?

Answer 8

Yellow colour and cloudy

Question 9

What is the normal urine of birds and reptiles?

Answer 9

normally cloudy due to uric acid crystals

Question 10

What is the normal smell of urine?

Answer 10

Sour smell, males of some spies have a putrid smell

Question 11

What would a sweet, pear-drop smell in urine indicate?

Answer 11

ketouria - the presence of ketones in the urine. can indicate pathology such as diabetes mellitus

Question 12

What does Glucosuria mean?

Answer 12

Glucose in the urine

Question 13

What is Glucosuria a sign of in the cat and dog?

Answer 13

uncontrolled diabetes mellitus

Question 14

What is Glucosuria a sign of in the horse?

Answer 14

Cushing’s disease

Question 15

In a fresh sample what would a strong smell of ammonia indicate?

Answer 15

the presence of bacteria

Question 16

What is Proteinuria?

Answer 16

Protein in the urine

Question 17

What indicates Proteinuria?

Answer 17

Foul smelling urine

Question 18

What can Proteinuria indicate?

Answer 18

Renal disease

Question 19

How is urine concentration measured and what units are used?

Answer 19

With a refractometer, measured in SG - specific gravity

Question 20

What is the SG of distilled water?

Answer 20

1.000

Question 21

What is the normal SG for cats?

Answer 21

1.020 - 1.040

Question 22

What is the normal SG range for dogs?

Answer 22

1.015 - 1.045

Question 23

What is the normal SG range for Horses?

Answer 23

1.020 - 1.050

Question 24

What can an elevated SG indicate?

Answer 24

Dehydration, Acute renal failure, Shock, Diabetes mellitus, or the presence of crystaluria

Question 25

What can decreased SG indicate?

Answer 25

Renal failure, diabetes insipidus, polydipsia, fluid therapy, corticosteroid therapy.

Question 26

What does Isothenuria mean?

Answer 26

Urine that is neither too dilute or too concentrated

Question 27

What can repeated Isothenuria samples indicate and why?

Answer 27

Acute renal failure, healthy kidneys will produce varying concentrations of urine throughout the day, kidneys that are no longer functioning properly are unable to concentrate the urine.

Question 28

What is Haematuria?

Answer 28

Blood in the urine

Question 29

What does occult mean?

Answer 29

hidden - only visible microscopically

Question 30

What pathology can Haematuria indicate?

Answer 30

Cystitis, trauma, neoplasia, infection

Question 31

What is the pH of Dog urine?

Answer 31

5-7

Question 32

What is the pH of cat urine?

Answer 32

5.2 - 6.8

Question 33

What is the pH of horse urine?

Answer 33

7-9

Question 34

What is the normal urine output for healthy cat, dog & horse?

Answer 34

1-2ml/kg/hr | 24-48ml/kg/day

Question 35

What is the normal urine output for a healthy rabbit?

Answer 35

0.5-2ml/kg/hr | 12-48ml/kg/hr

Question 36

What does Oliguria mean?

Answer 36

reduced urine output

Question 37

What is the correct term for reduced urine output?

Answer 37

Oliguria

Question 38

At what volume should the urine output require intervention from a VS?

Answer 38

<0.5ml/kg/hr

Question 39

What is the correct term for no production of urine?

Answer 39

Anuria

Question 40

What does Anuria mean?

Answer 40

no production of urine

Question 41

How can urine output be measured accurately?

Answer 41

using an indwelling catheter attached to a urine collection bag

Question 42

What is the medical term for urination?

Answer 42

Micturition

Question 43

What does the term Dysuria mean?

Answer 43

Difficulty urinating

Question 44

What does Polyuria mean?

Answer 44

Over production or urine - urinating a lot

Question 45

What does polydipsia mean?

Answer 45

Increased thirst/drinking

Question 46

What can polydipsia indicate?

Answer 46

Renal disease, diabetes mellitus, Cushing's disease, pyometra, use of drugs such as corticosteroids

Question 47

what does the abbreviation PU/PD mean?

Answer 47

Polyuria & Polydipsia

Question 48

What is the general maintenance water/fluid requirement for cats, dogs & horses simplified as?

Answer 48

50ml/kg/day

Question 49

What is the accurate water/fluid requirement for a cat?

Answer 49

40-60ml/kg/day

Question 50

what is the accurate water/fluid requirement for a dog?

Answer 50

40-60ml/kg/day

Question 51

What is the accurate water/fluid requirement for a horse?

Answer 51

50-60ml/kg/day

Question 52

What is the accurate water/fluid requirement for a rabbit?

Answer 52

50-150ml/kg/day

Question 53

What could a dark yellow/orange/ brown colour in a cat or dog urine sample indicate?

Answer 53

Dehydration

Question 54

What cold a red, brown or black colour in a dog or cat urine sample indicate?

Answer 54

Presence of blood or use or certain drugs