Thoracic Cavity

Question 1

boundaries of the thoracic wall

Answer 1

12 vertebrae
12 ribs and their costal cartilages
sternum
floored by highly convex diaphragm
roofed by suprapleural membrane at lung apices

Question 2

3 types of ribs

Answer 2

1-7 true ribs- vertebrosternal ribs- connected to vertebral column, and to sternum via costal cartilages
8-10 - false ribs- vertebrochondral ribs- have their cartilage attached to cartilage of rib above them
11-12 floating ribs

Question 3

articulations of the ribs

Answer 3

rib 1,11,12 articulate with their respective vertebra
and ribs 2-10 articulate with their vertebrae and the one above

Question 4

boundaries of the thoracic inlet

Answer 4

anteriorly: manubrium (top of sternum)
laterally: 1st rib and costal cartilage
posteriorly: 1st thoracic vertebra

Question 5

parts of a typicla rib

Answer 5

head
flattened neck
tubercle
angle
curved body/shaft
costal groove

Question 6

head of rib

Answer 6

has two articular facets for the 2 adjacent vertebrae

Question 7

tubercle of typical rib

Answer 7

articulates with lower of the 2 articulated vertebrae; transverse process and the costotransverse ligament

Question 8

angel of typical rib

Answer 8

point just lateral to the tubercle where the shaft bends forward

Question 9

costal groove of typical rib

Answer 9

sharp lower border of the shaft, has neurovascular bundle

Question 10

shortest, flattest, broadest, most curved rib that has an upper and lower surface with outer and inner borders

Answer 10

first rib

Question 11

parts of the first rib

Answer 11

head with 1 articular facet, neck, tubercle, subclavian artery and subclavian vein groove seperated by the scalene tubercle

Question 12

first rib joins the manubrium sternii via what joint

Answer 12

by a primary cartilaginous joint

Question 13

parts of the sternum

Answer 13

manubrium, body and xiphoid process

Question 14

Manubrium markings; attahcments etc

Answer 14

-jugular nothc at the top
- concavity for sterno clavicular joints on the side
- primary costal cartilage at lateral border
- sternohyoid and sternothyroid attachment sites

Question 15

the sternum has articular facets all along its lateral border for which costal cartilages?

Answer 15

2nd-7th - these are all synovial joints

Question 16

the upper 7 costal cartilages articulate with the sternum via what joints?

Answer 16

via the sternocostal joints

Question 17

what joints are used by the 8-10th costal cartilages to articulate together?

Answer 17

they artiulate with each other via interchondral joints, and the 8th articulates with the 7th

Question 18

origin, insertion, innervation, of the pectoralis major

Answer 18

orgin: from sternum and costal cartilages 2-4
insertion into humerus
innervation by medial and lateral pectoral nerves

Question 19

origin, insertion, innervation of pectoralis minor

Answer 19

orignates from 3,4,5th ribs
inserts into the coracoid process fo the scapula
innervates by medial pectoral nerve

Question 20

origin of rectus abdominus

Answer 20

xiphoid process and costal cartilages 5,6,7

Question 21

the external oblique is attached to the external surface of what ribs

Answer 21

lowest 8 ribs

Question 22

anterior and posterior attachments of the diaphragm

Answer 22

anterior- xiphoid process
posterior-below 12th vertebrae

Question 23

origins of the diaphragm

Answer 23

-right and left crura (attachemtn to vertebra)
-median, medial and lateral arcuate ligament
-inner surface of lower 6 ribs and costal cartilages
-posterior surface of xiphesternum

Question 24

parts of the thoracic vertebrae

Answer 24

body, superior and inferior demifacets, pedicle, lamina, superior and inferior articulate processes, transverse processes, spinous process, superior and inferiior notches, vertebral canal and intervertebral discs.

Question 25

where are the nuerovascular bundles

Answer 25

they travel in the costal groove of the ribs between the internal and innermost intercostals

Question 26

direction of fibres in external intercostal muscles

Answer 26

directed from superior and lateral (top back ) to inferior and medial(front and down)

Question 27

anteriorly, the external intercostal loses its fleshy tissue and becomes :

Answer 27

a transparent membrane called the external intercostal membrane

Question 28

internal intercostal fibre direction

Answer 28

perpendicular to those of the external

Question 29

posteriorly, the internal intercostals gradually thins and forms:

Answer 29

internal intercostal membrane