Thoracic Cavity Practice Flashcards
(85 cards)
1
Q
- Define the thorax anatomically
A
- Region of the trunk between the neck and abdomen. Anteriorly bounded by the thoracic wall, externally bounded by the rib cage.
2
Q
- What are the contents of the thorax important for this class?
A
- Heart, lungs, esophagus, trachea/bronchi, thymus, vagus nerve, phrenic nerve, lymphatic duct, lymph nodes, great vessels
3
Q
- What are the divisions of the thorax?
A
- 2 pulmonary cavities containing lungs and pleural cavities, and mediastinum containing heart and aorta
4
Q
- What muscle separates the thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity?
A
- Diaphragm
5
Q
- What are the cavities that make up the dorsal cavity?
A
- Cranial cavity and vertebral cavity
6
Q
- What are the serous membranes?
A
- Meninges, pleura, pericardium, peritoneum
7
Q
- What is a serious membrane?
A
- Double layered membranes that produce serous fluid lubrication
8
Q
- What are the two openings of the thoracic cavity called?
A
- Superior thoracic aperture (thoracic inlet) and inferior thoracic aperture (thoracic outlet)
9
Q
- What is the anterior boundary of the superior thoracic aperture?
A
- Sternal manubrium and costal cartilages of 1st ribs
10
Q
- What is the posterior boundary of the superior thoracic aperture?
A
T1
11
Q
- What is the lateral boundary of the superior thoracic aperture?
A
- 1st ribs
12
Q
- What is the anterior boundary of the inferior thoracic aperture?
A
- Xiphisternal joint and costal margins 7-10
13
Q
- What is the posterior boundary of the inferior thoracic aperture?
A
T12
14
Q
- What is the lateral boundary of the inferior thoracic aperture?
A
- 12th ribs
15
Q
- What does the thoracic inlet transmit?
A
- Trachea, esophagus, aortic arch, superior vena cava, nerves/vessels to/from neck
16
Q
- What does the thoracic outlet transmit?
A
- Diaphragm, esophagus, aorta, inferior vena cava, nerves/vessels to/from abdomen
17
Q
- What is the anterior to posterior diameter of the thoracic inlet? Transverse?
A
- 5cm, 10cm
18
Q
- What is the joint between manubrium and body of the sternum?
A
- Manubriosternal joint AKA sternal joint AKA Angle of Louis.
19
Q
- What rib level is the sternal angle at?
A
- Rib 2
20
Q
- What are the three main parts of the sternum?
A
- Manubrium, body, xiphoid
21
Q
- What rides along the costal grooves of a rib?
A
- The neurovascular bundle- Costal vein, artery, and nerve
22
Q
- Does the head of a rib attach to costal cartilage or a vertebrate?
A
- Vertebrate
23
Q
- Know what a demi-facet means, at approximately 9min in the 2nd thoracic cavity video
A
- Go watch the video
24
Q
- What are the levels of true ribs? False? Floating?
A
- 1-7, 8-12, 11-12
25
26. Why are they called false ribs?
26. Ribs 8-10 form one piece of cartilage attaching to the sternum
26
27. Why are they called floating ribs?
27. Ribs 11 and 12 aren’t quite attached to anything on the anterior side and “float”
27
28. What are the three main parts of the manubrium? Where is each one of them?
28. Suprasternal notch superomedial, aka jugular notch. Sternal angle at the 2nd rib. Clavicular notch at the superolateral edges for your clavicle.
28
29. Name all the thorax joints (7).
29. Manubriosternal, xiphisternal, sternocostal, costochondral, costovertebral, costotransverse, interchondral
29
30. At what level vertebrae does a straight line from anterior to posterior from the sternal angle land?
30. Between T4-T5. This is a *symphysis*
30
31. What is the above line referred to as?
31. Transthoracic plane
31
32. The xiphisternal joint is ________.
32. Synchondrosis
32
33. The sternocostal joint is _______ for rib 1 and _______ for ribs 2-7.
33. Synchondrosis, synovial
33
34. What type of joint is the costochondral joint and what does it unite?
34. Synchondrosis, sternal end of rib with costal cartilage
34
35. What type of joint is the costovertebral joint and what does it unite?
35. Synovial, head of rib with demifacets
35
36. What type of joint is the costotransverse joint and what does it unite?
36. Synovial, tubercle of rib with vertebral transverse process
36
37. What does the interchondral joint unite?
37. Ribs 6 and 7, 7 and 8, 8 and 9, 9 and 10
37
38. What does the RATPLAT stand for?
38. Rib 2, Aortic arch, Trachea bifurcation, Pulmonary artery bifurcation, Left recurrent laryngeal neve, Ligamentum Arteriosum, Azygous vein, Thoracic duct
38
39. What space lies between the pectoralis major/minor and the mammary?
39. Retromammory space (bursa)
39
40. What connects a breast to the overlying dermis? What are both names of this?
40. Suspensory ligaments, Ligaments of Cooper
40
41. What do lactiferous ducts do?
41. Drain glands to nipple
41
42. What are mammary glands?
42. Grandular lobules in tissue over deep pectoral fascia
42
43. What quadrant are most breast cancers found?
43. Upper outer
43
44. What is the axillary tail?
44. Area where breast meets armpit, area high with lymphatic tissue. Cancers can develop here too
44
45. Trace the medial mammary artery
45. Subclavian a internal thoracic a (internal mammary a) medial mammary a
45
46. Trace the lateral mammary artery
46. Axillary a lateral thoracic a lateral mammary aa
46
47. What are the muscles between the ribs called? What are the three layers?
47. Intercostal muscles. External, internal, and innermost
47
48. Which way do the innermost intercostals run?
48. Superomedially (IN to the chIN)
48
49. Which way do the external intercostals run?
49. inferomedially
49
50. Which way do the internal intercostals run?
50. Superomedially
50
51. Where do the external intercostals run?
51. TP to mammary line
51
52. What anchors external intercostals to?
52. External intercostal membrane
52
53. Where do the internal intercostals run?
53. Sternum to scapular line
53
54. Where do the innermost intercostals run?
54. Mammary line to scapular line
54
55. Give two examples of innermost intercostals
55. Subcostals and transverse thoracis
55
56. Where are the subcostals located?
56. On the posterior along vertebral column, spanning 2+ ribs
56
57. Where are the transverse thoracis located?
57. Anterior thorax, spanning 2+ ribs
57
58. Trace from superficial to deep to the lung. Also be able to go the opposite way
58. Skin, superficial fascia, external intercostal, internal intercostal, innermost intercostal, endothoracic fascia, parietal pleura, pleural cavity, visceral pleura, lung
58
59. Where is the neurovascular bundle located?
59. Between the internal intercostal and innermost intercostal
59
60. What thoracic arteries directly originate from the aorta?
60. Posterior intercostal aa, subcostal aa
60
61. What thoracic artery originates from the subclavian? What arteries branch from it?
61. Internal thoracic aa pericardiophrenic aa, upper anterior intercostal aa, musculophrenic aa
61
62. What artery does the lower anterior intercostal aa branch from?
62. Musculophrenic aa
62
63. Posterior veins drain into what?
63. Azygous system and brachiocephalic vv
63
64. At what level is the caval opening?
T8
64
65. At what level is the esophageal hiatus?
T10
65
66. At what level is the aortic hiatus?
T12
66
67. What nerve controls the diaphragm?
Phrenic nerve
67
68. What spinal nerves form the phrenic nerve?
C3, 4, 5
68
69. What nerves are for afferent innervation of the diaphragm?
69. Phrenic and lower intercostal nn
69
70. Trace the internal thoracic aa/vv blood supply for the diaphragm
70. Internal thoracic pericardiophrenic and (musculophrenic lower anterior intercostal)
70
71. Trace the descending aorta blood supply for the diaphragm
71. Descending aorta Lower intercostal aa and superior phrenic aa
71
72. Trace the azygous system blood supply for the diaphragm
72. Azygous lower intercostal vv and R superior phrenic
72
73. Is inhalation active or passive? Is it contraction or relaxation of the diaphragm?
73. Active, contraction
73
74. Is exhalation active or passive?
74. Active
74
75. The parietal and visceral pluera are stuck together with a thin fluid. What does this allow?
75. Allows coordination of movement and lubrication. As the diaphragm pulls down, it pulls the pleura and increases lung volume (decreasing pressure and allowing air in).
75
76. Name the 9 major accessory muscles for inspiration
76. External intercostals, scalenes, SCM, levatores costarum, serratus posterior superior, serratus anterior, subclavius, pectoralis major, pectoralis minor
76
77. Name the 9 major accessory muscles for expiration
77. Internal intercostals, innermost intercostals, subcostals, transverse thoracis, rectus abdominis, external abdominal oblique, internal abdominal oblique, transversus abdominus, serratus posterior inferior
77
78. The parietal pleura has four parts. What are they?
78. Costal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic, cervical
78
79. How many lobes does the right lung have? Left
3,2
79
80. How many bronchopulmonary segments does the right lung have? Left?
10; 8-10
80
81. How many segmental bronchi does the right lung have? Left?
10,10
81
82. How many fissures (+ names) does the right lung have? Left?
2; oblique and horizontal. 1; olbique
82
83. Trace the bronchi path to the alveoli
83. Primary bronchus secondary bronchus tertiary bronchi bronchioles terminal bronchioles respiratory bronchioles alveolar duct alveoli
83
84. What impressions are in the right lung? Left?
84. Trachea, cardiac impression, esophagus. Aortic arch/descending aorta, trachea, cardiac impression
84
85. In the right lung, the pulmonary artery is ______ to the bronchi.
anterior
85
86. In the left lung, the pulmonary artery is ______ to the bronchi.
superior
