Thoracolumbar Anatomy

Question 1

What are the 8 borders of the intervertebral foramen (IVF)?

Answer 1

1. Body of superior/cranial vertebrae
2. Pedicle of superior/cranial vertebrae
3. Facet of superior/cranial vertebrae
4. Ligamentum flavum
5. Facet of inferior/caudal vertebrae
6. Pedicle of inferior/caudal vertebrae
7. Body of inferior/caudal vertebrae
8. Intervertebral disc (IVD)

Question 2

What does IVF stand for?

Answer 2

Intervertebral foramen

Question 3

What does IVD mean?

Answer 3

Intervertebral disc

Question 4

How many cervical vertebrae does a dog have?

Answer 4

7

Question 5

How many cervical vertebrae does a horse have?

Answer 5

7

Question 6

How many thoracic vertebrae does a horse have?

Answer 6

18

Question 7

What vertebrae make up the withers in a horse?

Answer 7

T3 to T8-10

Question 8

What is the anticlinal vertebra in a horse?

Answer 8

T15

Question 9

How many thoracic vertebrae does a dog have?

Answer 9

13

Question 10

What is the anticlinal vertebrae in a dog?

Answer 10

T11

Question 11

Name six things found in the intervertebral foramen.

Answer 11

1. Dorsal and ventral nerve roots that form the spinal nerve
2. Duramater/epinurium
3. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)
4. Artery and vein
5. Transverse foraminal ligaments
6. Adipose tissue

Question 12

Which vertebrae make up the withers in a dog?

Answer 12

T1 to T9

Question 13

How many lumbar vertebrae in a dog?

Answer 13

7

Question 14

How many sacral vertebrae in a dog?

Answer 14

3

Question 15

How many lumbar vertebrae in a horse?

Answer 15

6

Question 16

How many sacral vertebrae in a horse?

Answer 16

5

Question 17

What is a unique feature of the equine lumbar vertebrae?

Answer 17

Large transverse processes that sometimes form intertransverse joints

Question 18

What is the most medial muscle on the dorsal/posterior surface of the spine?

Answer 18

Transversospinalis

Question 19

What is the middle muscle on the dorsal/posterior surface of the spine?

Answer 19

Longissimus

Question 20

What is the most lateral muscle on the dorsal/posterior surface of the spine?

Answer 20

Illiocostalis

Question 21

What intrinsic muscle of the spine spans from the spinous of one vertebra to the transverse process one vertebra caudal?

Answer 21

Rotatores brevis

Question 22

What intrinsic muscle of the spine spans from the spinous of one vertebra to the transverse process two vertebra caudal?

Answer 22

Rotatores longus

Question 23

What intrinsic muscle of the spine spans from the spinous of one vertebra to the transverse process three vertebra caudal?

Answer 23

Multifidus

Question 24

What intrinsic muscle of the spine spans from the spinous of one vertebra to the transverse process five vertebra caudal?

Answer 24

Semispinalis

Question 25

What muscle runs between the transverse processes of adjacent vertebra?

Answer 25

Intertransversarious

Question 26

What muscle runs between the transverse processes of adjacent vertebra?

Answer 26

Interspinalis

Question 27

What is the angle of the facets in the cervical spine?

Answer 27

typically 45

Question 28

What is the general orientation of the facets in the thoracic spine?

Answer 28

Coronal

Question 29

What is the general orientation of the facets in the lumbar spine?

Answer 29

Saggital