Thorax 1-3

Question 1

Contained in the bony cage

Answer 1

vertebrae (T1-T12)
Intervertebral discs
Ribs
Costal cartilage
Sternum

Question 2

Contained in intercostal spaces

Answer 2

intercostal muscles
intercostal veins/arteries/nerves

Question 3

Parts of the sternum

Answer 3

Manubrium
*Sternal angle
body of sternum (T5-T9)
Xiphoid process

Question 4

Superior thoracic aperture

Answer 4

Access to head/neck; upper limbs
bounded by: 1 thoracic vertebra, 1 pair of ribs, manubrium

Question 5

Inferior thoracic aperture

Answer 5

Access to abdomen
Bounded by: T12, ribs 11 and 12, costal margin, xiphosternal joint, diaphragm

Question 6

Name the mediastinums (What do they contain)

Answer 6

Superior
Inferior (Anterior, middle, posterior)

Question 7

Structures at the sternal angle (between superior and inferior mediastinum)

Answer 7

Great vessels of the heart
- SVC
-Aorta
Pulmonary trunk

Question 8

Structures that make up the SVC

Answer 8

internal jugular and subclavian veins –>
right and left brachiocephalic veins –>
SVC

Question 9

SVC receives blood from ….

Answer 9

Head/neck/upper limbs

Question 10

Parts of the aorta

Answer 10

Ascending aorta
arch of aorta
Descending aorta

Question 11

Structures branching from aorta

Answer 11

Brachiocephalic trunk
Left common carotid artery
Left subclavian artery

Question 12

What structure branch from the brachiocephalic trunk

Answer 12

right subclavian artery
right common carotid artery

Question 13

Location of trachea bifurcation

Answer 13

sternal angle

Question 14

Structures in the middle (inferior) mediastinum

Answer 14

Heart
Pericardium
Roots of great vessels

Question 15

Chambers of the heart

Answer 15

Right/left atrium (receiving chambers)

Right/left ventricles (Discharging chambers)

Question 16

Function of pericardium
name the 2 layers

Answer 16

Covers heart and roots of great vessels

fibrous pericardium
serous pericardium (Parietal and visceral)

Question 17

Fibrous pericardium location

Answer 17

outermost layer covering heart

Question 18

Location of serous pericardium (parietal and visceral layer)

Answer 18

parietal - second most outer layer around heart
Visceral - third layer, most internal layer

Question 19

Structure in the middle (inferior) mediastinum

Answer 19

SVC
Ascending aorta
pulmonary trunk

Question 20

Structures involved with pulmonary system

Answer 20

pulm veins
pulm arteries

Question 21

Location of AV groove

Answer 21

Between the atria and ventricles

Question 22

Location of interventricular groove

Answer 22

between right and left ventricle

Question 23

Structure in the AV and IV grooves

Answer 23

coronary vessels (arteries and veins)
embedded in fat
covered in visceral pericardium

Question 24

What are the auricles of the heart

Answer 24

right and left auricles - “extension” of the atria

Question 25

Structures under the auricles

Answer 25

coronary arteries from ascending aorta

Question 26

name arteries originating from ascending aorta

Answer 26

Right coronary artery Left coronary artery

Question 27

Structures arising from left coronary artery

Answer 27

Circumflex artery Anterior interventricular artery

Question 28

What structures travel in the IV groove

Answer 28

Anterior interventricular artery Posterior interventricular artery

Question 29

Structures arising from right coronary artery

Answer 29

Sinoatrial nodal artery Marginal artery

Question 30

Structure in the AV groove

Answer 30

Sinoatrial nodal artery Right coronary artery

Question 31

Name the coronary veins

Answer 31

Anterior cardiac veins coronary sinus

Question 32

location of coronary sinus

Answer 32

In AV groove on posterior heart

Question 33

Location of Anterior cardiac veins

Answer 33

arise from right auricle jump over AV groove

Question 34

Types of heart valves

Answer 34

atrioventricular aortic and pulmonary

Question 35

features of the AV valve

Answer 35

Right AV valve: tricuspid left AV valve: bicuspid (mitral)

Question 36

structure in AV valves

Answer 36

Cusps Tendinous cords papillary muscles

Question 37

features of aortic and pulmonary valves

Answer 37

Semilunar in pulmonary aorta and trunk prevents blood flowing back into ventricles

Question 38

Features/structures of right atrium

Answer 38

Interatrial septum - wall between atria Opening of IVC and SVC Fossa ovalis - indent in heart, fetal blood travels through placenta Opening of coronary sinus right atrioventricular orfice - between atria and ventricle smooth muscle

Question 39

valves in right ventricle

Answer 39

Right AV (tricuspid) valve pulmonary (semilunar) valve

Question 40

Features of left atrium

Answer 40

smooth and rough walled left auricle pulmonary veins left atrioventrucular orifice

Question 41

Valves of left ventricle

Answer 41

Left AV valve (bicuspid/mitral) Aortic valve