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Anatomy MRCEM part 1 > Thorax > Flashcards

Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

Diaphragm attachments

A

Anterior to xiphisternum opposite T8/9, then deep surface of ribs and costal cartilage of 7-12

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2
Q

What passes through the diaphragm at T8

A

IVC and R. phrenic nerve

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3
Q

What passes through the diaphragm at T10

A

Oesophagus, with both vagus nerves and L. gastric vessels

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4
Q

What passes through the diaphragm at T12

A

Aorta (behind) with thoracic duct and azygos vein

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5
Q

Where does the lung root lie

A

T5 - T8

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6
Q

What passes through the thoracic inlet (4)

A

Oesophagus
Trachea
Vagus and phrenic nerves
Brachiocephalic veins
Branches of the arch of the aorta

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7
Q

Anterior to posterior, structures that pass into the UL from the thoracic inlet

A

Subclavian vein
Scalenus anteror
Subclavian artery
Inferior trunk of the brachial plexus

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8
Q

What lies more medial, vagus or phrenic nerve

A

Vagus

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9
Q

What does the superior mediastinum lie between?

What does the inferior mediastinum lie between?

A

Thoracic inlet and the plane between sternal angle & T4/5

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10
Q

What does the inferior mediastinum lie between?

A

The plane between sternal angle & T4/5 and the outlet

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11
Q

What lies in the anterior mediastinum?

A

Thymus

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12
Q

What lies in the middle mediastinum

A

Contents of the pericardium

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13
Q

What lies in the posterior mediastinum (4)

A

Aorta, thoracic duct, oesophagus and azygos vein

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14
Q

What provides sensory innervatin to the pericardium?

A

Phrenic nerves

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15
Q

Anterior heart surface mainly formed by?

A

R. ventricle and some L. ventricule

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16
Q

Inferior heart surface mainly formed by?

A

L. > R. ventricules

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17
Q

What forms the R. border of the heart

A

Right atrium

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18
Q

What forms the L. border of the heart

A

L. ventricle and L. auricleW

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19
Q

what frms the base of the heart?

A

L. atrium

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20
Q

4 corners of the heart sufarce anatomy

A

3rd R. CC

2nd L. CC

6th R. CC

Left 5th interspace mid-clavicular line

21
Q

Which coronary artery usually supplies the SA & AV nodes?

A

RCA branches

22
Q

Where listen to the aortic valve?

A

2nd right ICS

23
Q

Where to listen for the pulmonary valve?

A

2nd left intercostal space

24
Q

Where to listen for the tricuspid valve?

A

4th or 5th IS, left edge of the sternum

25
Q

Where to listen for the mitral valve?

A

Apex

26
Q

At what level does the oesophagus start at?

End at?

A

C6

T11 (pierces diaphragm at T10)

26
Q

At what level does the trachea start at?

End at?

A

C6

T4/5

27
Q

Oesophagus in relation to the aorta at the diaphragm?

A

Anterior

28
Q

Where is the oesophagus compressed (4 locations?)

A

Junction with pharynx

Arch of aorta (sup. mediastinum)

L.main bronchus in the posterior mediastinum

Oesophageal hiatus in the diaphragm (posterior mediastinum)

29
Q

Oesophageal innervation arises from?

A

Vagus nerve and sympathetic trunks

30
Q

Where is the needle inserted in a pericardial aspiration?

A

1-2CM, on the left, inferior to the xiphochondral junction (between xiphisternum and L. costal margin)

31
Q

At what angle is the needle inserted in a pericardial aspiration?

A

45 degrees aiming towards the tip of the scapula

32
Q

Which bronchus does the aorta arch over?

A

L. main bronchus

33
Q

What arches over the R. main bronchus?

A

Azygos vein

34
Q

Hila located at what level

Ant.

Post.

A

3rd-4th CC

T5-T7 vertebrae

35
Q

Oblique fissure posteriorly, surface landmarks

A

Below and lateral to spine of T4

36
Q

Anterior surface marking of horizontal fissure (R)

A

Ribs 4/5

37
Q

Lung root contents

A

Pulmonary artery
2 x pulmonary veins
Main bronchus
Bronchial vesseks
Nerves
Lymphatics

38
Q

Sensory supply to the parietal pleura is from

A

Branches of the phrenic and IC nerves (think referred pain)

39
Q

Pleural surface markings

Mid axillary

Axilla

Back

A

Ribs 8 -> 10 -> 12

40
Q

Lungs surface markings

Mid axillary

Axilla

Back

A

6 -> 8 -> 10

41
Q

Which ribs are….

True

False

Floating

A

1-7

8-10

11 & 12

42
Q

Lung root spinal levels

A

T 5- 8

43
Q

Where does the horizontal fissure meet the oblique fissure?

A

At the mid axillary line

44
Q

Atypical ribs are

A

Rib 1, 2, 10 , 11 & 12

45
Q

What does the typical rib articular with posteriorly

A

Transverse process of the corresponding vertebrae (neck)

Superior costal facet on the body of the corresponding vertebra and the inferior costal facet on the body of the vertebra above (head)

46
Q

Name of the two joints between typical ribs and vertebra

A

Costovertebral joint

Costotransverse joint

47
Q
A

Anatomy MRCEM part 1 (7 decks)

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