Thorax and Lungs

Question 1

Anterior landmarks

Answer 1

• suprasternal notch
• sternum
• manubriosternal angle
• costal angle

Question 2

Posterior landmarks

Answer 2

• vertebra prominens
• C7 marks apex of lung tissue

Question 3

Inspiration

Answer 3

Chest size increases, diaphragm contracts, drops lower

Question 4

Expiration

Answer 4

passive, diaphragm relaxes

Question 5

Tactile fremitus

Answer 5

Vibrations of chest wall (result of sound transmitting though lung tissue)

Question 6

When auscultation…

Answer 6

use diaphragm of stethoscope

Question 7

Wheezing

Answer 7

Continuous high-pitched musical sound on expiration or inspiration. results of narrowed airways

Question 8

Rhonchi

Answer 8

Characterized by low pitched souds heard on inspiration and expiration

Question 9

Crackles or rales

Answer 9

Can be described as fine or coarse. suggested the presence of intra-alveolar fluid as seen in congested heart failure

Question 10

Stridor

Answer 10

high-pitched musical breath sounds resulting from turbulent air flow in the larynx or lower in the bronchial tree

Question 11

Diminished breath sounds

Answer 11

caused by anything that prevents air from entering the lungs

Question 12

Newborn respirations

Answer 12

30-60

Question 13

Infant respirations

Answer 13

30-60

Question 14

Toddler respirations

Answer 14

20-40

Question 15

Preschoolers respirations

Answer 15

20-35

Question 16

School-age respirations

Answer 16

16-22

Question 17

Adolescent respirations

Answer 17

12-20

Question 18

Adult respirations

Answer 18

12-20

Question 19

Older Adult respirations

Answer 19

15-20

Question 20

Hypoxemia

Answer 20

decreased level of oxygen in the blood

Question 21

Hypoxia

Answer 21

decreased delivery of oxygen to the tissues

Question 22

dyspnea

Answer 22

shortness of breath

Question 23

Tachypnea

Answer 23

increased respiratory rate

Question 24

apnea

Answer 24

absence of breathing

Question 25

orthopnea

Answer 25

difficulty breathing when lying down

Question 26

pneumothorax

Answer 26

lung collapse d/t free air in pleural space

Question 27

Bronchial sounds

Answer 27

loud, high-pitched sounds heard over the trachea.
Exhalation > Inhalation

Question 28

Bronchovesicular sounds

Answer 28

medium in pitch, heard on each side of the sternum and between scapulae
Exhalation = Inhalation

Question 29

Vesicular sounds

Answer 29

soft, low-pitched sounds heard over the peripheral lung fields
Exhalation < Inhalation

Question 30

Eupnea

Answer 30

Breathing within the expected respiratory rate