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NURS 1543 REVISION > Thorax and Lungs > Flashcards

Thorax and Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

suprasternal notch

A

The “U” shaped depression between the clavicles and above the sternum

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2
Q

sternal angle

A

also called angle of Louis. its the articulation between the manubrim and the body of the sternum

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3
Q

costal angle

A

its the angle that forms where the left and right costal margin meet at the xiphoid process

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4
Q

Pluerae

A

is the thin slippery liquid that forms an envelope between the lungs and the chest wall

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5
Q

types of pleura

A
  • visceral pleurae (lines outside between the fissures
  • parietal pleurae (lines outside of the chest wall and diaphragm)
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6
Q

pleural cavity

A

a potential space filled with lubricating fluid (inside of the envelope). it has a negative pressure that keeps the lungs tighthen to the chest wall

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7
Q

The pleurae extends about 3cm from the lungs forming the …?

A

costodiaphragmatic recess

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8
Q

the vertebra prominens?

A
  • C7 at the base of the neck
  • T1 right below it
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9
Q

location of the inferior border of scapula

A

between the seventh or eighth rib

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10
Q

Front view reference line

A
  • anterior axillary line
  • midclavicular
  • midsternal
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11
Q

Back view reference line

A
  • scapular line
  • verterbral line
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12
Q

Side view reference line

A
  • Anterior axillary
  • Mid axillary
  • Posterior axillary
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13
Q

structures in the mediastinum

A
  • esophagus
  • trachea
  • heart
  • great vessels
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14
Q

Anterior location of the lung

A
  • the apex goes 3cm past the clavicle
  • the base is at the sixth rib in the mid clavicular line
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15
Q

posterior location of the lung

A
  • the apex is at C7
  • the base is at T10 (during deep inspiration, it expands to T12)
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16
Q

Anterior view of the lobes of the lungs

A
  • Both the left and right lung have an oblique fissure extending from the fifth rib in the mid axillary line to the sixth rib in the midclavicular line
  • Only the right lobe have an horizontal fissure from the extending from the fifth rib in the mid axillary line to the 4th rib in the right sternal border. The right anterior lung contain mostly upper and middle lobe with littke lower lobe.
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17
Q

Posterior view of the lobes of the lung

A
  • posteriorly the middle lobe does not show therefore both the right and left have only the oblique fissure.
  • extending from T1 to T3/T4.
18
Q

Lateral view of the lobes of the lung

A
  • Both the left and right lung have an oblique fissure extending from the spinous process of T3 to the sixth rib in the midclavicular line
  • Only the right lobe have an horizontal fissure from the extending from the fifth rib in the mid axillary line to the 4th rib in the right sternal border. The right anterior lung contain mostly upper and lower lobe with little middle lobe
19
Q

Anterior bifurcation of the trachea

A

the trachea starts at the cricoid cartilage, goes down and bifurcate right below the sternal angle into the right and left bronchi

20
Q

Posterior bifurcation of the trachea

A
  • Posteriorly, trachea bifurcation is at the level of T3 or T4.
21
Q

The functional respiratory unit that consists of the bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and the alveoli is called…?

A

the acinus

22
Q

4 main function of the respiratory system

A
  1. supplying oxgyen
  2. removing carbondioxide
  3. maintaining homeostasis
  4. maintaining heat exchange
23
Q

2 abnormal stimulus for breathing

A
  • hypercapnia: increase of carbondioxide
  • hypocapnia: decrease of oxygen
24
Q

By 16 weeks, the conducting airways reach the same number as in the adult
true or false?

A

true

25
Q

for pregnant women, there is increase in estrogen, oxyen demand, thoracic cage by 6cm, diaphragm by 4cm. true of false

A

true

26
Q

for older adult, decrease in elastic properties within the lungs, air way, number of alveoli. true or false

A

true.

27
Q

inhaling smoker exhalation and smoke from the burning end of a cigarette is what type of smoking?

A

second hand smoking

28
Q

inhaling air that lingers from the burned out cigarette

A

third hand smoking

29
Q

what is hemoptysis

A

coughing up blood

30
Q

difficulty sleeping in a supine position

A

orthopnea

31
Q

Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea?

A

is awakening from sleep with shortness of breath and needing to be upright to achieve comfort.

32
Q

how to palpate for Symmetrical chest expansion

A

Posterior
- place warm hands at patient’s posterolateral chest wall, with your thumbs at the level of T9 or T10
- Slide your hands medially to pinch up a small fold of skin between your thumbs
Anterior
anterolateral wall with the thumbs along the costal margins and pointing toward the xiphoid process

33
Q

palpate the tactile/ vocal fremitus

A
  • Fremitus is a palpable vibration
  • sounds move from the larynx to the chest wall
  • Ask client to say 99 or blue moon
  • Fremitus is most prominent between the scapulae and around the sternum, it decreases as you progress down.
  • over the lung apices in the supraclavicular areas (anterior)
34
Q

how to auscultate the posterior chest

A
  • posterior from the apices at C7 to the bases at T10
  • laterally from the axilla down to the seventh or eighth rib
  • over the lung apices in the supraclavicular areas (anterior)
35
Q

Which percussion note is normally heard over fluid-filled organs like the stomach, bladder, and bowels. It’s a drum-like sound created by the combination of air and fluid.

A

TYMPANY

36
Q

What adventitious noise sounds like movement of hair under stethoscope), high pitched, during inspiration

A
  • Fine Crackles/Rales
37
Q

What adventitious noise sounds like opening a Velcro fastener, low pitch, during expiration

A
  • Coarse Crackles/Rales
38
Q

What adventitious noise sound like fine crackles but do not last beyond a few breaths

A
  • Atelectatic crackles
39
Q

What adventitious noise may occur in both expiration and inspiration?

A

wheeze

40
Q
  1. Distinguish between bronchial, bronchovesicular & vesicular breath sounds
A
  • bronchial: high pitch and amplitude, inspiration less than< expiration
  • bronchovesicular: moderate pitch and amplitude, inspiration = expiration
  • vascular: low pitch and amplitude, inspiration greater than> expiration

NURS 1543 REVISION (9 decks)

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