THORAX I Flashcards
What are the anterior, posterior and lateral borders of the superior thoracic aperture?
Anterior- The manubrium
Posterior- T1 vertebra
Lateral- The first ribs
What are the anterior, posterior, anterolateral and posterolateral borders of the inferior thoracic aperture?
Anterior- xiphisternum
Posterior- T12 vertebra
Anterolateral- Costal cartilage
Posterolateral- 11th and 12th ribs
What do the pedicles of a thoracic vertebra connect?
Pedicles connect the body to the transverse processes
What do the lamina of a thoracic vertebra connect?
The lamina connect the transverse processes to the spinous process
Where are the superior articular processes and what do they join to?
The superior articular processes are at the top of the vertebra and join to the inferior articular processes of the vertebra above, connecting the adjacent vertebrae
Where do the ribs attach to the thoracic vertebrae?
The costovertebral joints and the costotransverse joints
What forms the costovertebral joints?
The head of the rib attaches to the superior costal facet of the corresponding vertebra and the inferior costal facet of the vertebra above
What part of the rib articulates with the transverse facet to form the costotransverse joint?
The tubercle of the rib
What passes through the vertebral canal?
The spinal cord
In what order are the vessels that run in the costal groove found?
From superior to inferior: intercostal vein, intercostal artery, intercostal nerve
Why does the second rib have a roughened area on its superior surface?
Serratus anterior originates from this rough patch
Name the 4 ribs with only 1 facet
1, 10, 11 and 12
Where do ribs 1-7 articulate anteriorly?
The sternum
Where do ribs 8-10 articulate anteriorly?
Costal cartilage
Where do ribs 11 and 12 articulate anteriorly?
They don’t; they’re floating ribs. They end in abdominal musculature
Where do rib fractures most commonly occur?
The middle of the rib, just anterior to the angle
What is flail chest?
Where 2 or more fractures occur in 2 or more adjacent ribs, which renders the affected area out of control of the thoracic muscles. This impairs full expansion of the ribcage
What is platysma?
A superficial muscle that overlaps the SCM. A broad sheet that arises from the fascia covering the upper parts of pectoralis major and the deltoids. Its actions are facial expression
Name the 2 heads of pectoralis major
The sternocostal head and the clavicular head
Where does the clavicular head of pectoralis major originate?
The anterior surface of the medial clavicle
Where does the sternocostal head of pectoralis major originate?
The anterior surface of the sternum, the superior 6 costal cartilages and the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle
Where does pectoralis major insert?
The inter-tubercular sulcus of the humerus
Where does pectoralis major originate?
Ribs 3, 4 and 5
Where does pectoralis minor insert?
The coracoid process on the scapula
