Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

CompTIA Security+ (SY0-701, IN-WORK) > Threat Actors > Flashcards

Threat Actors Flashcards

Objectives 1.2, 2.1, and 2.2 (77 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Informational

Threat Actor Motivations

Threat Actors

Obj. 2.1 - Compare and contrast common threat actors and motivations | Threat Actors

A
  • Data Exfiltration
  • Blackmail
  • Espionage
  • Service Disruption
  • Financial Gain
  • Philosophical / Politcal Beliefs
  • Ethical Reasons
  • Revenge
  • Disruption / Chaos
  • War

Threat Actors

Informational

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Informational

Threat Actor Attributes

Threat Actors

Obj. 2.1 - Compare and contrast common threat actors and motivations | Threat Actors

A
  • Internal vs. External Threat Actors
  • Differences in resources and funding
  • Level of sphistication

Threat Actors

Informational

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Define / Explain

Unskilled Attackers

Threat Actors

Obj. 2.1 - Compare and contrast common threat actors and motivations | Threat Actors

A

Limited technical expertise, use readily available tools

Threat Actors

Types of Threat Actors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define / Explain

Hacktivists

Threat Actors

Obj. 2.1 - Compare and contrast common threat actors and motivations | Threat Actors

A

Driven by political, social, or environmental ideologies

Threat Actors

Types of Threat Actors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define / Explain

Organized Crime

Threat Actors

Obj. 2.1 - Compare and contrast common threat actors and motivations | Threat Actors

A

Execute cyberattacks for financial gain (e.g., ransomeware, identity theft)

Threat Actors

Types of Threat Actors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define / Explain

Nation-state Actor

Threat Actors

Obj. 2.1 - Compare and contrast common threat actors and motivations | Threat Actors

A

Highly skilled attackers sponsored by governments for cyber espionage or warfare

Threat Actors

Types of Threat Actors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define / Explain

Insider Threats

Threat Actors

Obj. 2.1 - Compare and contrast common threat actors and motivations | Threat Actors

A

Security threats originating from within the organization

Threat Actors

Types of Threat Actors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define / Explain

Shadow IT

Threat Actors

Obj. 2.1 - Compare and contrast common threat actors and motivations | Threat Actors

A

IT systems, devices, software, or services managed without explicit organizational approval

Threat Actors

Shadow IT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Informational

Threat Vectors and Attack Surfaces

Threat Actors

Obj. 2.2 - Explain common threat vectors and attack surfaces | Threat Actors

A
  • Message-based
  • Image-based
  • File-based
  • Voice Calls
  • Removable Devices
  • Unsecured Networks

Threat Actors

Informational

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define / Explain

Honeypots

Threat Actors

Deception and Disruption Technologies | Threat Actors

A

Decoy systems to attract and deceive attackers

Threat Actors

Define / Explain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define / Explain

Honeynets

Threat Actors

Deception and Disruption Technologies | Threat Actors

A

Network of decoy systems for observing complex attacks

Threat Actors

Define / Explain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define / Explain

Honeyfiles

Threat Actors

Deception and Disruption Technologies | Threat Actors

A

Decoy files to detect unauthorized access or data breaches

Threat Actors

Define / Explain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define / Explain

Honeytokens

Threat Actors

Deception and Disruption Technologies | Threat Actors

A

Fake data to alert administrators when accessed or used

Threat Actors

Define / Explain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Define / Explain

Threat Actors Intent

Threat Actor Motivations

Obj. 2.1 - Compare and contrast common threat actors and motivations | Threat Actors

A

Specific objective or goal that a threat actor is aiming to achieve through their attack

Threat Actor Motivations

Define / Explain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define / Explain

Threat Actors Motiviation

Threat Actor Motivations

Obj. 2.1 - Compare and contrast common threat actors and motivations | Threat Actors

A

Underlying reasons or driving forces that pushes a threat actor to carry out their attack

Threat Actor Motivations

Define / Explain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define / Explain

Data Exfiltration

Threat Actor Motivations

Obj. 2.1 - Compare and contrast common threat actors and motivations | Threat Actors

A

Unauthorized transfer of data from a computer

Threat Actor Motivations

Define / Explain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Define / Explain

Financial Gain

Threat Actor Motivations

Obj. 2.1 - Compare and contrast common threat actors and motivations | Threat Actors

A

Achieved through various means, such as ransomware attacks, or through banking trojans that allow them to steal financial information in order to gain unauthorized access into the victims’ bank accounts

Threat Actor Motivations

Define / Explain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Define / Explain

Blackmail

Threat Actor Motivations

Obj. 2.1 - Compare and contrast common threat actors and motivations | Threat Actors

A

Attacker obtains sensitive or compromising information about an individual or an organization and threatens to release this information to the public unless certain demands are met

Threat Actor Motivations

Define / Explain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Informational

Service Disruption

Threat Actor Motivations

Obj. 2.1 - Compare and contrast common threat actors and motivations | Threat Actors

A

Some threat actors aim to disrupt the services of various organizations, either to cause chaos, make a political statement, or to demand a ransom

Threat Actor Motivations

Define / Explain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Informational

Philosophical / Political Beliefs

Threat Actor Motivations

Obj. 2.1 - Compare and contrast common threat actors and motivations | Threat Actors

A
  • Attacks that are conducted due to the philosophical or political beliefs of the attackers is known as hacktivism
  • Common motivation for a specific type of threat actor known as a hacktivist

Threat Actor Motivations

Informational

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Informational

Ethical Reasons

Threat Actor Motivations

Obj. 2.1 - Compare and contrast common threat actors and motivations | Threat Actors

A

Contrary to malicious threat actors, ethical hackers, also known as authorized hackers, are motivated by a desire to improve security

Threat Actor Motivations

Informational

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Informational

Revenge

Threat Actor Motivations

Obj. 2.1 - Compare and contrast common threat actors and motivations | Threat Actors

A

It can also be a motivation for a threat actor that wants to target an entity that they believe has wronged them in some way

Threat Actor Motivations

Informational

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Informational

Disruption / Chaos

Threat Actor Motivations

Obj. 2.1 - Compare and contrast common threat actors and motivations | Threat Actors

A

Created and spreading malware to launching sophisticated cyberattacks against the critical infrastructure in a populated city

Threat Actor Motivations

Informational

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Define / Explain

Espionage

Threat Actor Motivations

Obj. 2.1 - Compare and contrast common threat actors and motivations | Threat Actors

A

Spying on individuals, organizations, or nations to gather sensitive or classified information

Threat Actor Motivations

Define / Explain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
# Informational War | Threat Actor Motivations ## Footnote Obj. 2.1 - Compare and contrast common threat actors and motivations | Threat Actors
Cyber warfare can be used to disrupt a country's infrastructure, compromise its national security, and to cause economic damage | Threat Actor Motivations ## Footnote Informational
26
# Define / Explain Internal Threat Actors | Threat Actor Attributes ## Footnote Obj. 2.1 - Compare and contrast common threat actors and motivations | Threat Actors
Individuals or entities within an organization who pose a threat to its security | Threat Actor Attributes ## Footnote Define / Explain
27
# Define / Explain External Threat Actors | Threat Actor Attributes ## Footnote Obj. 2.1 - Compare and contrast common threat actors and motivations | Threat Actors
Individuals or groups outside an organization who attempt to breach its cybersecurity defenses | Threat Actor Attributes ## Footnote Define / Explain
28
# Define / Explain Script Kiddie (Unskilled Attacker) | Threat Actor Attributes ## Footnote Obj. 2.1 - Compare and contrast common threat actors and motivations | Threat Actors
* Individual with limited technical knowledge * Use pre-made software or scripts to exploit computer systems and networks | Threat Actor Attributes ## Footnote Define / Explain
29
# Define / Explain Hacktivists | Hacktivists ## Footnote Obj. 2.1 - Compare and contrast common threat actors and motivations | Threat Actors
Individuals or groups that use their technical skills to promote a cause or drive social change instead of for personal gain | Hacktivists ## Footnote Define / Explain
30
# Define / Explain Hacktivism | Hacktivists ## Footnote Obj. 2.1 - Compare and contrast common threat actors and motivations | Threat Actors
Activities in which the use of hacking and other cyber techniques is used to promote or advance a political or social cause | Hacktivists ## Footnote Define / Explain
31
# Define / Explain Website Defacement | Hacktivists ## Footnote Obj. 2.1 - Compare and contrast common threat actors and motivations | Threat Actors
Form of electronic graffiti and is usually treated as an act of vandalism | Hacktivists ## Footnote Define / Explain
32
# Define / Explain Distributed Denial of Service Attacks (DDoS) | Hacktivists ## Footnote Obj. 2.1 - Compare and contrast common threat actors and motivations | Threat Actors
Attempting to overwhelm the victim's systems or networks so that they cannot be accessed by the organization's legitimate users | Hacktivists ## Footnote Define / Explain
33
# Define / Explain Doxing | Hacktivists ## Footnote Obj. 2.1 - Compare and contrast common threat actors and motivations | Threat Actors
Involves the public release of private information about an individual or organization | Hacktivists ## Footnote Define / Explain
34
# Define / Explain Leaking of Sensitive Data | Hacktivists ## Footnote Obj. 2.1 - Compare and contrast common threat actors and motivations | Threat Actors
Releasing sensitive data to the public at large over the internet | Hacktivists ## Footnote Define / Explain
35
# Informational Anonymous (group) | Hacktivists ## Footnote Obj. 2.1 - Compare and contrast common threat actors and motivations | Threat Actors
Loosely affiliated collective that has been involved in numerous high-profile attacks over the years for targeting organizations that they perceive as acting unethically or against the public interest at large | Hacktivists ## Footnote Informational
36
# Informational Organized Cyber Crime Groups | Organized Crime ## Footnote Obj. 2.1 - Compare and contrast common threat actors and motivations | Threat Actors
Sophisticated and well-structured entities that leverage resources and technical skills for illicit gain | Organized Crime ## Footnote Informational
37
# Define / Explain Nation-State Actor | Nation-State Actor ## Footnote Obj. 2.1 - Compare and contrast common threat actors and motivations | Threat Actors
Groups or individuals that are sponsored by a government to conduct cyber operations against other nations, organizations, or individuals | Nation-State Actor ## Footnote Define / Explain
38
# Define / Explain False Flag Attack | Nation-State Actor ## Footnote Obj. 2.1 - Compare and contrast common threat actors and motivations | Threat Actors
Attack that is orchestrated in such a way that it appears to originate from a different source or group than the actual perpetrators, with the intent to mislead investigators and attribute the attack to someone else | Nation-State Actor ## Footnote Define / Explain
39
# Define / Explain Stuxnet Worm | Nation-State Actor ## Footnote Obj. 2.1 - Compare and contrast common threat actors and motivations | Threat Actors
Sophisticated piece of malware that was designed to sabotage the Iranian government's nuclear program | Nation-State Actor ## Footnote Define / Explain
40
# Define / Explain Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) | Nation-State Actor ## Footnote Obj. 2.1 - Compare and contrast common threat actors and motivations | Threat Actors
Term that used to be used synonymously with a nation-state actor because of their long-term persistence and stealth | Nation-State Actor ## Footnote Define / Explain
41
# Informational Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) | Nation-State Actor ## Footnote Obj. 2.1 - Compare and contrast common threat actors and motivations | Threat Actors
* A prolonged and targeted cyberattack in which an intruder gains unauthorized access to a network and remains undetected for an extended period while trying to steal data or monitor network activities rather than cause damage * These advanced persistent threats are often sponsored by a nation-state or its proxies, like organized cybercrime groups | Nation-State Actor ## Footnote Informational
42
# Informational What motivates a nation-state actor? | Nation-State Actor ## Footnote Obj. 2.1 - Compare and contrast common threat actors and motivations | Threat Actors
Nation-state actors are motivated to achieve their long-term strategic goals, and they are not seeking financial gain | Nation-State Actor ## Footnote Informational
43
# Define / Explain Insider Threats | Insider Threats ## Footnote Obj. 2.1 - Compare and contrast common threat actors and motivations | Threat Actors
Cybersecurity threats that originate from within the organization, and will have varying levels of capabilities | Insider Threats ## Footnote Define / Explain
44
# Informational Insider threats can take various forms... | Insider Threats ## Footnote Obj. 2.1 - Compare and contrast common threat actors and motivations | Threat Actors
* Data theft * Sabotage * Misuse of access privileges | Insider Threats ## Footnote Informational
45
# Informational Each insider threat is driven by different motivations... | Insider Threats ## Footnote Obj. 2.1 - Compare and contrast common threat actors and motivations | Threat Actors
* Some are driven by financial gain and they want to profit from the sale of sensitive organizational data to others * Some may be motivated by revenge and are aiming to harm the organization due to some kind of perceived wrong levied against the insider * Some may take actions as a result of carelessness or a lack of awareness of cybersecurity best practices | Insider Threats ## Footnote Informational
46
# Informational Insider Threat... (Remember) | Insider Threats ## Footnote Obj. 2.1 - Compare and contrast common threat actors and motivations | Threat Actors
refers to the potential risk posed by individuals within an organization who have access to sensitive information and systems, and who may misuse this access for malicious or unintended purposes | Insider Threats ## Footnote Informational
47
# Informational To mitigate the risk of an insider threat being successful, organizations should implement the following (Remember) | Insider Threats ## Footnote Obj. 2.1 - Compare and contrast common threat actors and motivations | Threat Actors
* Zero-trust architecture * Employ robust access controls * Conduct regular audits * Provide effective employee security awareness programs | Insider Threats ## Footnote Informational
48
# Define / Explain Shadow IT | Shadow IT ## Footnote Obj. 2.1 - Compare and contrast common threat actors and motivations | Threat Actors
Use of information technology systems, devices, software, applications, and services without explicit organizational approval | Shadow IT ## Footnote Define / Explain
49
# Informational Shadow IT | Shadow IT ## Footnote Obj. 2.1 - Compare and contrast common threat actors and motivations | Threat Actors
IT-related projects that are managed outside of, and without the knowledge of, the IT department | Shadow IT ## Footnote Informational
50
# Informational Why does Shadow IT exist? | Shadow IT ## Footnote Obj. 2.1 - Compare and contrast common threat actors and motivations | Threat Actors
An organization's security posture is set too complex/high for business operations to occur without being negatively affected | Shadow IT ## Footnote Informational
51
# Informational Bring Your Own Devices (BYOD) | Shadow IT ## Footnote Obj. 2.1 - Compare and contrast common threat actors and motivations | Threat Actors
Involves the use of personal devices for work purposes | Shadow IT ## Footnote Informational
52
# Define / Explain Threat Vector | Threat Vectors and Attack Surfaces ## Footnote Obj. 2.2 - Explain common threat vectors and attack surfaces
Means or pathway by which an attacker can gain unauthorized access to a computer or network to deliver a malicious payload or carry out an unwanted action | Threat Vectors and Attack Surfaces ## Footnote Define / Explain
53
# Define / Explain Attack Surface | Threat Vectors and Attack Surfaces ## Footnote Obj. 2.2 - Explain common threat vectors and attack surfaces
Encompasses all the various points where an unauthorized user can try to enter data to or extract data from an environment | Threat Vectors and Attack Surfaces ## Footnote Define / Explain
54
# Informational Attack Surface can be minimized by... | Threat Vectors and Attack Surfaces ## Footnote Obj. 2.2 - Explain common threat vectors and attack surfaces
* Restricting access * Removing unnecessary software * Disabling unused protocols | Threat Vectors and Attack Surfaces ## Footnote Informational
55
# Define / Explain Think of threat vector as... | Threat Vectors and Attack Surfaces ## Footnote Obj. 2.2 - Explain common threat vectors and attack surfaces
the "how" of an attack | Threat Vectors and Attack Surfaces ## Footnote Define / Explain
56
# Define / Explain Think of attack surface as... | Threat Vectors and Attack Surfaces ## Footnote Obj. 2.2 - Explain common threat vectors and attack surfaces
the "where" of an attack | Threat Vectors and Attack Surfaces ## Footnote Define / Explain
57
# Define / Explain Messages (Threat Vector Methods) | Threat Vectors and Attack Surfaces ## Footnote Obj. 2.2 - Explain common threat vectors and attack surfaces
* Message-based threat vectors include threats delivered via email, simple message service (SMS text messaging), or other forms of instant messaging * Phishing campaigns are commonly used as part of a message-based threat vector when an attacker impersonates a trusted entity to trick its victims into revealing their sensitive information to the attacker | Threat Vectors and Attack Surfaces ## Footnote Define / Explain
58
# Informational Images (Threat Vector Methods) | Threat Vectors and Attack Surfaces ## Footnote Obj. 2.2 - Explain common threat vectors and attack surfaces
Image-based threat vectors involve the embedding of malicious code inside of an image file by the threat actor | Threat Vectors and Attack Surfaces ## Footnote Informational
59
# Informational Files (Threat Vector Methods) | Threat Vectors and Attack Surfaces ## Footnote Obj. 2.2 - Explain common threat vectors and attack surfaces
The files, often disguised as legitimate documents or software, can be transferred as email attachments, through file-sharing services, or hosted on a malicous website | Threat Vectors and Attack Surfaces ## Footnote Informational
60
# Informational Voice Calls / Vhishing (Threat Vector Methods) | Threat Vectors and Attack Surfaces ## Footnote Obj. 2.2 - Explain common threat vectors and attack surfaces
Use of voice calls to trick victims into revealing their sensitive information to an attacker | Threat Vectors and Attack Surfaces ## Footnote Informational
61
# Informational Removable Devices / Baiting (Threat Vector Methods) | Threat Vectors and Attack Surfaces ## Footnote Obj. 2.2 - Explain common threat vectors and attack surfaces
Attacker might leave a malware-infected USB drive in a location where their target might find it, such as in the parking lot or the lobby of the targeted organization | Threat Vectors and Attack Surfaces ## Footnote Informational
62
# Informational Unsecure Networks / Wireless (Threat Vector Methods) | Threat Vectors and Attack Surfaces ## Footnote Obj. 2.2 - Explain common threat vectors and attack surfaces
If wireless networks are not properly secured, unauthorized individuals can intercept the wireless communications or gain access to the network | Threat Vectors and Attack Surfaces ## Footnote Informational
63
# Informational Unsecure Networks / Wired (Threat Vector Methods) | Threat Vectors and Attack Surfaces ## Footnote Obj. 2.2 - Explain common threat vectors and attack surfaces
Physical access to the network infrastructure can lead to various attacks such as: * MAC Address Cloning * VLAN Hopping | Threat Vectors and Attack Surfaces ## Footnote Informational
64
# Informational Unsecure Networks / Bluetooth (Threat Vector Methods) | Threat Vectors and Attack Surfaces ## Footnote Obj. 2.2 - Explain common threat vectors and attack surfaces
BlueBorne Set of vulnerabilities in bluetooth technology that can allow an attacker to take over devices, spread malware, or even establish an on-path attack to intercept communications without any user interaction | Threat Vectors and Attack Surfaces ## Footnote Informational
65
# Define / Explain Unsecure Networks / Bluetooth (Threat Vector Methods) | Threat Vectors and Attack Surfaces ## Footnote Obj. 2.2 - Explain common threat vectors and attack surfaces
BlueSmack Type of denial of service attack that targets bluetooth-enabled devices by sending a specially crafted logical link control and adaptation protocol packet to a target device | Threat Vectors and Attack Surfaces ## Footnote Informational
66
# Define / Explain Tactics, Techniques, and Procedures (TTPs) | Outsmarting Threat Actors ## Footnote Obj. 1.2 - Summarize fundamental security concepts
Specific methods and patterns of activities or behaviors associated with a particular threat actor or group of threat actors | Outsmarting Threat Actors ## Footnote Define / Explain
67
# Define / Explain Deceptive / Disruption Technologies | Outsmarting Threat Actors ## Footnote Obj. 1.2 - Summarize fundamental security concepts
Technologies designed to mislead, confuse, and divert attackers from critical assets while simultaneously detecting and neutralizing threats | Outsmarting Threat Actors ## Footnote Define / Explain
68
# Define / Explain Honeypots | Outsmarting Threat Actors ## Footnote Obj. 1.2 - Summarize fundamental security concepts`
Decoy system or network set up to attract potential hackers | Outsmarting Threat Actors ## Footnote Define / Explain
69
# Define / Explain Honeynets | Outsmarting Threat Actors ## Footnote Obj. 1.2 - Summarize fundamental security concepts
Network of honeypots to create a more complex system that is designed to mimic an entire network of systems * Servers * Routers * Switches | Outsmarting Threat Actors ## Footnote Define / Explain
70
# Define / Explain Honeyfiles | Outsmarting Threat Actors ## Footnote Obj. 1.2 - Summarize fundamental security concepts
Decoy file placed within a system to lure in potential attackers | Outsmarting Threat Actors ## Footnote Define / Explain
71
# Define / Explain Honeytokens | Outsmarting Threat Actors ## Footnote Obj. 1.2 - Summarize fundamental security concepts
Piece of data or a resource that has no legitimate value or use but is monitored for access or use | Outsmarting Threat Actors ## Footnote Define / Explain
72
# Define / Explain Bogus DNS entries (Disruption technology/strategy) | Outsmarting Threat Actors ## Footnote Obj. 1.2 - Summarize fundamental security concepts
Fake Domain Name System entries introduced into your system's DNS server | Outsmarting Threat Actors ## Footnote Define / Explain
73
# Define / Explain Creating decoy directories (Disruption technology/strategy) | Outsmarting Threat Actors ## Footnote Obj. 1.2 - Summarize fundamental security concepts
Fake folders and files placed wtihin a system's storage | Outsmarting Threat Actors ## Footnote Define / Explain
74
# Define / Explain Dynamic page generation (Disruption technology/strategy) | Outsmarting Threat Actors ## Footnote Obj. 1.2 - Summarize fundamental security concepts
Effective against automated scraping tools or bots trying to index or steal content from your organization's website | Outsmarting Threat Actors ## Footnote Define / Explain
75
# Define / Explain Port Triggering (Disruption technology/strategy) | Outsmarting Threat Actors ## Footnote Obj. 1.2 - Summarize fundamental security concepts
Security mechanism where specific services or ports on a network device remain closed until a specific outbound traffic pattern is detected (use of port triggering to hide services) | Outsmarting Threat Actors ## Footnote Define / Explain
76
# Define / Explain Spoofing fake telemetry data (Disruption technology/strategy) | Outsmarting Threat Actors ## Footnote Obj. 1.2 - Summarize fundamental security concepts
When a system detects a network scan is being attempted by an attacker, it can be configured to respond by sending out fake telemetry or network data | Outsmarting Threat Actors ## Footnote Define / Explain
77

CompTIA Security+ (SY0-701, IN-WORK) (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions