Threats to national sovereignty in globalised world

Question 1

Define multi-nationalism

Answer 1

Globalisation has caused a country to be multi national therefore having multiple/mixture of national identities

Causes identity and loyalty to be more complex

Question 2

CS: British and multi-nationalism

Answer 2

13% people over 75 in UK identify as British
50% Black/Asian ethnicity identified as British
East UK strongly identified with British while West strongly identifies with Welsh

Question 3

CS: English countryside (nationalism)

Answer 3

Countryside central idea to English identity
William Wordsworth aimed to capture this in his work
John Constable created iconic paintings of countryside producing nationalistic images used in difficult times

John Constable paintings used to recruit for WW1 to create sense of pride

People believe that England more urban losing central pride for countryside

Question 4

Explain challenges to national identity

Answer 4

Foreign ownership of brands
Made in Britain campaign to try promote actual British owned brands. Many brands which people believe to be British aren’t, therefore challenges identity

40% though HP sauce British (Netherlands)
Mini (Germany)

Question 5

CS: Foreign ownership of UK utilities
challenging national identity

Answer 5

Foreign investors own 40% of infrastructure assests due to private ownership

3/4 of energy generation and 92% of energy supply provided by 6 large companies 4/6 foreign owned
EDF (French) Scottish Power (Spanish)

Question 6

Explain the effects of westernisation

Answer 6

Forbes list of largest companies show a large portion to be from USA, EU, Canada, South East Asia.
Companies exert their influence causing effect of westernisation through foreign ownership.

TNC’s from west have large networks of FDI compared to non-western companies.
Promotion of benefits of capitalist model

Question 7

Explain capitalist theory

Answer 7

Capitalist: system of private ownership innovation encouraged creating new capital
Allowing ability to change regardless of economic conditions, replacing outdated businesses.

Strengths
Idea of a continuous thriving economy
Lots of investment

Limitations
Growth and decline can occur at same time causing instability job insecurity
Causing identity to differ from one area to another

Question 8

CS: Indian TNC’s

Answer 8

India (emerging economy) expanded their own FDI through activities of TNC’s
e.g Tata Group largest internationalised Indian cooperation acquiring 25 foreign companies in 10 yrs
58% revenue earned abroad

However India economic data has problems as not all cooperations don’t submit their tax return (estimations) allowing calculations to look more positive
Hard to estimate number of legitimate cooperations

Question 9

Name/explain an international ownership pattern

Answer 9

London housing
70% new builds in prime london location sold to overseas owners creating diverse communities, affect national identity (shop/restaurants)
Problems as local people struggle to match increasing prices

Question 10

CS: Qatar Investment authority QIA
(international ownership patterns)

Answer 10

Sovereign wealth fund
Investing in oil/gas to secure economic future than investing into energy
Est. $180 billion assests invested
Largest stakeholder in Sainsbury’s
Owns more than 17% of Volkswagon

Question 11

CS: Facebook challenges national ientiy