Thrombi and Emboli Flashcards
What is a thrombus
Mass of blood constituents (Mostly platelets) forming in vessels
What 3 systems is Thrombosis indicate in
Vasospasm
Primary Platelet plug
Coagulation Cascade
How does Thrombosis occur in the primary platelet plug
VWF binds to Exposed collagen
Platelets bind and activate gp1b into gp2a/3b which causes aggregation
What are the different clotting factors in the two pathways of the coagulation cascade
Intrinsic = 12, 11, 9, 8 Common = 10 (+5), 2, 1 Extrinsic = 3, 7
What are the names of the first 5 clotting factors
Father Peter Touches Children’s Legs
1) F - Fibrinogen
2) P - Prothrombin
3) T - Thromboplastin
4) C- Calcium
5) L- Labile
Describe an arterial ulcer (PVD)
Punched out holes w/ LITTLE Exudate
Toe tips and Lateral Malleolus
Pale cool skin w/ Low distal pulse
Describe a venous ulcer (DVT)
Not Punched out w/ HIGH exudate
Inner calf and Medial Malleolus
Warm red skin
What influences Thrombosis
Virchow’s Triad
- Endothelial injury (Smoking, trauma and surgery)
- Hypercoagulability (Sepsis, Atherosclerosis, pregnancy)
- Venous stasis (AF, Immobility)
What causes arterial thrombosis (Cold Pale Pulseless) and how is it treated
Atherogenesis
-MI, Ischeamic stroke, PVD
Tx = Antiplatelets
What causes venous thrombosis (Tender, hot and red) and how is it treated
Venous stasis
-DVT
Tx = Anticoagulants (DOAC/LMWH)
Antiplatelets treat what type of thrombosis
Arterial
What are the three outcomes of thrombosis
Resolution (Normal)
Organisation (Scar tissue)
Embolism (Fragment breaks and lodges in distal circulation)
How does an embolism occur as a result of thrombosis
Thrombus fragment breaks off
Lodges in Distal circulation
What are the two types of emboli
Systemic arterial (AF thrombus breaks = stroke) Pulmonary venous (DVT thrombus breaks = PE)
