Thyroid and Adrenal Glands

Question 1

Describe the structure of the thyroid gland

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Question 2

What cells make up the thyroid gland - what do these cells make?

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Question 3

What is the axis involved with the thyroid

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Question 4

What are the roles of the hormones produced by the thyroid gland

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Question 5

What is the active form of the hormone in the thyroid gland

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Question 6

What element do follicular cells need

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Question 7

How much of Thyroxine is made

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Question 8

How much of Triiodothyronine is made

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Question 9

Describe how the Thyroid hormones are regulated

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Question 10

What is Hyperthyroidism

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Question 11

What is Graves’ disease

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Question 12

What is Thyrotoxicosis

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Question 13

How is Thyrotoxicosis recognised

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Question 14

What are the symptoms of hyperthyroidism

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Question 15

What is Hypothyroidism

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Question 16

What is Thyroiditis

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Question 17

What can cause hypothyroidism

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Question 18

What are the symptoms of hypothyroidism

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Question 19

Describe the radioiodine uptake test

Answer 19

• examining thyroid gland
• determines speed and scope of absorption go iodine by the thyroid gland
• dose of radioiodine given on empty stomach
• control dose dissolved in cup
• using a gamma counter, activity of isotope absorbed by the gland is measured

8-22% after 2 hrs
15-28% after 4 hrs
25-48% after 24 hrs

Question 20

Describe the T3 inhibition test

Answer 20

• demonstrates existence of normal pituitary control over the productive of thyroid hormones
• for 10 days, T3 is administered daily
• uptake of I is measured before and after the test
• exogenic T3 suppresses TSH, absorption of radioiodine reduced by 50-100%
• hyperthyroidism - loss of pituitary control, TSH high

Question 21

Where are the adrenal glands located

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Question 22

What surrounds the adrenal glands?

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Question 23

What are the two parts of the adrenal gland

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Question 24

What hormones are produced by the adrenal gland

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Question 25

Describe the axis

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Question 26

What does the adrenal medulla produce- What is the function of this hormone

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Question 27

What type of hormone is Adr, nAdr

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Question 28

How are Adr and nAdr released

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Question 29

What is a difference between Adr and nAdr

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Question 30

Where does norepinephrine bind to to exert its effect

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Question 31

What is the adrenal cortex composed of?

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Question 32

What do the different zonas in the adrenal cortex produce?

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Question 33

What are the examples of glucocorticoids

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Question 34

How is cortisol transported in the blood

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Question 35

How is cortisol metabolised

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Question 36

What are the physiological actions of Cortisol

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Question 37

How can anemia occur in relation to Cortisol

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Question 38

What are the anti-inflammatory effects of cortisol

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Question 39

Describe how the secretion of cortisol is regulated

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Question 40

What are the functions of mineralocorticoids

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Question 41

What is the example of mineralocorticoid

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Question 42

How does Aldosterone work?

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Question 43

Where is aldosterone produced?

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Question 44

What are the functions of Androgens - examples

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Question 45

What disorder is caused by an overactive adrenal gland

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Question 46

What disorder is caused by an underactive adrenal gland

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Question 47

Describe symptoms of Cushing's syndrome

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Question 48

Describe symptoms of Addison's disease

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