Thyroid Disease

Question 1

2 forms of thyroid hormone

Answer 1

T4 (Thyroxine) and T3 (Triiodothyronine)

Question 2

which thyroid hormones solely produced in thyroid gland?

Answer 2

T4

Question 3

what is critical for thyroid hormone synthesis?

Answer 3

iodine

Question 4

iodine deficiency during pregnancy, a/w

Answer 4

cretinism and inc. neonatal and infant mortality

Question 5

iodine deficiency during childhood

Answer 5

thyroid enlargement and learning difficulties

Question 6

iodine deficiency in adulthood

Answer 6

goiter, abnormal thyroid function

Question 7

goiter most common cause worldwide

Answer 7

iodine deficiency, resulting in abnormal growth of thyroid gland

Question 8

goiter in U.S. most common cause

Answer 8

multinodular goiter, chronic autoimmune thyroiditis (hashimoto’s thyroiditis), and graves disease

Question 9

radioactive iodine uptake in hyperthyroidism

Answer 9

can be low, normal, or high

Question 10

Hyperthyroidism tx

Answer 10

thionamides- methimazole, PTU, radioactive iodine. BB for tachycardia, tremor

Question 11

what thyroid issue normal in 1st trimester

Answer 11

transient subclinical hyperthyroidism

Question 12

hyperthyroidism in kids most commonly caused by

Answer 12

graves disease

Question 13

thyroid dermopathy common location

Answer 13

pretibial myxedema- over anterior and lateral aspects of lower leg

Question 14

thyroid acropachy

Answer 14

clubbing, seen in patients with both thyroid dermopathy and opthalmopathy

Question 15

clinical manifestations in graves

Answer 15

hyperthyroidism, goiter, opthalmopahthy- periorbital swelling, diplopia, proptosis, scleral injection, chemosis, dermatopathy- pretibial myxedema- indurated plaques, Throid acropachy

Question 16

low radioactive iodine uptake in iodine induced hyperthyroidism

Answer 16

iodine is still being administered

Question 17

high radioactive uptake in iodine induced hyperthyroidism

Answer 17

sufficient time passed since last iodine uptake

Question 18

goiter in hyper or hypothyroidism

Answer 18

both

Question 19

tx and f/u with hypothyroidism

Answer 19

synthetic T4 is treatment. Measure TSH every 6 weeks until maintenance dose established, and yearly thereafter

Question 20

most common cause of acquired hypothyroidism

Answer 20

chronic autoimmune thyroiditis

Question 21

does hashimoto’s thyroiditis have pain associated?

Answer 21

no pain, no tenderness

Question 22

thyroiditis a/w pain and tenderness

Answer 22

subacute thyroiditis, infectious thyroiditis, radiation thyroiditis, palpation or trauma induced thyroiditis

Question 23

thyroiditis with no pain or tenderness

Answer 23

hashimotos, postpartum thyroiditis, fibrous thyroiditis, drug induced thyroiditis

Question 24

hashimoto’s

Answer 24

autoimmune destruction of thyroid gland

Question 25

hypo or hyperthyroidism in thyroiditis

Answer 25

initially- hyper d/t iflammatory process, then hypothyroidism

Question 26

syndrome a/w hashimoto's

Answer 26

hashimoto's encephalopathy

Question 27

toxic adenoma

Answer 27

disorder in which thyroid has one to several hyperfunctioning nodules

Question 28

toxic adenoma labs

Answer 28

resemble t4 toxicosis- dec TSH, inc T4 or normal.

Question 29

thyroid cancers with best/worst prognosis

Answer 29

papillary carcinoma- best, anaplastic carcinoma- worst

Question 30

Thyroid cancer labs

Answer 30

generally normal