Thyroid Gland , Parathyroid Gland

Question 1

Glucose

Answer 1

A six carbon sugar that is a major energy source for the body C6H12O6. Glucose—-»» cellular respiration

Question 2

Glycolysis

Answer 2

Breakdown of glucose to 2 pyruvate and 2 ATP

Question 3

Gluconeogenesis

Answer 3

Formation of glucose from non carbohydrates precursors, especially amino acids

Question 4

Glycogen

Answer 4

Polysaccharide of glucose that serves as energy storage in animals

Question 5

Glycogenesis

Answer 5

The synthesis of glycogen from glucose

Question 6

Glycogenolysis

Answer 6

The breakdown of glycogen into glucose.

Question 7

Glucagon

Answer 7

Hormone produced by pancreas, by alpha cells (a cells) , to increase your blood glucose levels (BGL)

Question 8

Thyroid glands

Answer 8

• the largest endocrine gland, composed of circular follicles
• colloids fills the lumen of the follicles and is the precursor of thyroid hormones
• parafollicular cells ( c cells ) produce the hormone calcitonin

Question 9

Which endocrine gland produced and released calcitonin?

Answer 9

Thyroid gland and parafollicular cells

Question 10

What does calcitonin do ?

Answer 10

Calcitonin reduces blood calcium levels

Question 11

Thyroid gland contains what

Answer 11

Numerous follicles

Question 12

Which endocrine gland releases several hormones such as thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) that regulate metabolism?

Answer 12

Thyroid gland

Question 13

T4 and T3

Answer 13

• Increase protein synthesis

- promotes glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, glucose uptake

Question 14

C cells produce calcitonin which helps what ?

Answer 14

Helps regulate calcium concentration in body fluids

Question 15

T3 ( triiodothyronine) and T4 (Thyroxine) are two closely related _________ -containing compounds.

Answer 15

Iodine

Question 16

T3 is ____ times more _____ than T4

Answer 16

Ten, active

Question 17

T3 & T4 binds to _______________ or albumin for transport in the blood

Answer 17

Thyroid binding globulins (TBG)

Question 18

Triiodothyronine (T3)

Answer 18

2 tyrosine + 3 (I)

Question 19

Thyroxine (T4)

Answer 19

2 tyrosine + 4 (I)

Question 20

Thyroid hormones

Answer 20

Question 21

Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

Answer 21

Question 22

Parathyroid hormones (PTH)

Answer 22

Is an amino acid based or what are water soluble hormone is produced and released by the thyroid gland these are tiny glands on the back of the thyroid. Parathyroid hormones increase blood calcium extremely.

Question 23

What produce parathyroid hormone (PTH) ?

Answer 23

Chief cells

Question 24

Chief cells produce parathyroid hormones (PTH) in response to ______________________.

Answer 24

Lower than normal calcium concentrations

Question 25

Parathyroid hormones are _____________ of calcium levels in healthy adults

Answer 25

Regulators

Question 26

Draw the parathyroid hormone pathway

Answer 26

Question 27

Answer 27

> parathyroid gland secretes parathyroid hormone ( PTH)

• Release of store calcium from bone
• stimulation of osteoblasts
• Enhanced reabsorption of calcium in kidneys
• stimulation of final conversion of vitamin D to calcitriol in kidneys; causes enhanced ca2+ and PO4^-3

————-»> Calcium levels rise

Question 28

Answer 28

> thyroid glands produces Calcitonin

• increases excretion of calcium in kidneys
• calcium deposition in bone
• inhibition of osteoclasts

——-> calcium levels decline

Question 29

Draw the thyroid hormone (TH) pathway

Answer 29