Thyroid Gland - Processes and Functions

Question 1

The thyroid controls ________

Answer 1

metabolism - Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

Question 2

The thyroid controls

Answer 2

metabolism - Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

Question 3

The thyroid regulates

Answer 3

digestion, oxygen, mobilizes fat from storage cells, and controls body temperature

Question 4

What does the thyroid control in children?

Answer 4

growth and intellect (along with somatostatin)

Question 5

What kind of hormones are thyroid hormones?

Answer 5

amine hormones

Question 6

What are thyroid hormones derived from?

Answer 6

tyrosine

Question 7

One iodide is transported with two sodium ions. The sodium-potassium ATPase pump pumps out sodium and concentrates iodide. This is known as the _________.

Answer 7

Sodium-iodide symporter

Question 8

Process of concentrating the iodide is known as

Answer 8

Iodide Trapping

Question 9

The rate of iodide trapping is influenced by

Answer 9

TSH from the anterior pituitary gland

Question 10

The thyroid regulates:

Answer 10

digestion, oxygen, mobilizes fat from storage cells, and controls body temperature

Question 11

Process of concentrating the iodide is known as _________.

Answer 11

Iodide Trapping

Question 12

The rate of iodide trapping is influenced by _______ from the anterior pituitary gland

Answer 12

TSH

Question 13

Oxidation of iodine is promoted by ______ and _________.

Answer 13

peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide

Question 14

Iodine bind with ________ in the thyroid gland.

Answer 14

thyroglobulin

Question 15

Major hormonal product of the coupling reaction in the thyroid gland is _____ and ________.

Answer 15

thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).

Question 16

In the thyroid gland, thyroxine and triiodothyronine are cleaved from ______.

Answer 16

thyroglobulin

Question 17

When isthyroxine and triiodothyronine cleaved from thyroglobulin?

Answer 17

When stimulated by TSH from the pituitary gland

Question 18

Follicle cells enlarge and send out pseudopods which close around colloid to form _________.

Answer 18

pinocytic vesicles

Question 19

The thyroid gland is the only endocrine gland that ____________.

Answer 19

stores large amounts of hormones

Question 20

93% of thyroid hormone released

Answer 20

Thyroxine (T4)

Question 21

3% of thyroid hormone released

Answer 21

Triiodothyronine (T3)

Question 22

Primary function of the thyroid gland in children

Answer 22

increase linear height

Question 23

What stimulates osteoblast cell activity?

Answer 23

thyroid gland

Question 24

What are the primary means of the thyroid gland in adults and children?

Answer 24

most powerful to increase metabolism and increase energy

Question 25

What is the secondary means of the thyroid gland?

Answer 25

stimulate the neuromuscular system

Question 26

Increase cell membrane permeability to sodium and potassium, increase the synthesis of neurotransmitters, increase the number of receptors for neurotransmitters, and decrease the enzymes that catabolize neurotransmitters are what?

Answer 26

4 neurological means

Question 27

Transmission of the thyroid gland

Answer 27

Increase cell membrane permeability to sodium and potassium, increase the synthesis of neurotransmitters, increase the number of receptors for neurotransmitters, and decrease the enzymes that catabolize neurotransmitters(4 neurological means)

Question 28

Transmission of the thyroid gland

Answer 28

Increase cell membrane permeability to sodium and potassium, increase the synthesis of neurotransmitters, increase the number of receptors for neurotransmitters, and decrease the enzymes that catabolize neurotransmitters (4 neurological means)

Question 29

How does the thyroid gland affect the muscular system?

Answer 29

Development and stimulates the enzymes of protein anabolism

Question 30

How does the thyroid gland affect the muscular system developmentally?

Answer 30

stimulates the enzymes of protein anabolism

Question 31

How does the thyroid gland affect activity of the muscular system?

Answer 31

releases calcium along t-tubules (smooth muscle and skeletal muscle) It stimulates myosin heavy chain alpha and inhibits myosin heavy chain beta (cardiac muscle only)

Question 32

When the thyroid gland stimulates myosin heavy chain alpha and inhibits myosin heavy chain beta (cardiac muscle only) it is known as the _________.

Answer 32

contractile velocity of cardiac muscle

Question 33

Means when the thyroid gland stimulates the cardiovascular system

Answer 33

1. heart rate (neurological): the four neurological means | 2. stroke volume: the four neurological means

Question 34

Means when the thyroid gland stimulates the respiratory system

Answer 34

Four neurological means, stimulates enzymes of catabolism which release CO2 (exhale) and release of calcium along T-tubules

Question 35

Means when the thyroid gland increases blood glucose

Answer 35

excess stimulate enzymes protein catabolism

Question 36

How the thyroid gland affects high blood pressure

Answer 36

increase heart rate and or increase stroke volume

Question 37

How the thyroid gland affects low blood pressure

Answer 37

1. catabolism of cardiac muscle -high thyroxine. Protein catabolism of heart muscle 2. excess thyroxine stimulates enzymes of catabolism. Intermediate products stimulate vasodilation.

Question 38

Means of the thyroid gland when it stimulates endocrine glands

Answer 38

Stimulates the adrenal glands. Increases the secretion of cortisol (corticotropin-stimulates the secretion of cortisol) Increases the enzymes that catabolize cortisol.

Question 39

The thyroid gland increases the immune response by

Answer 39

increasing B and T lymphocytes

Question 40

The thyroid gland stimulates the reproductive system

Answer 40

Production of sex hormones (increased production - fertility), (decreased production - sterility), GnRF (gonadotropin releasing factor) increases thyroxin, easier to measure in women due to the menstrual cycle

Question 41

Excess of fluoride can block iodine which

Answer 41

hinders production of thyroxine

Question 42

Thyroid can use excess fluoride to

Answer 42

produce a different hormone acting as thyroxine.

Question 43

Excess of fluoride can block iodine which __________.

Answer 43

hinders production of thyroxine

Question 44

Thyroid can use excess fluoride to ___________.

Answer 44

produce a different hormone acting as thyroxine.

Question 45

blood tests measure _________ .

Answer 45

"imposter" hormone as thyroixne.