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Endocrinology > Thyroid Gland - Processes and Functions > Flashcards

Thyroid Gland - Processes and Functions Flashcards

1
Q

The thyroid controls ________

A

metabolism - Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

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2
Q

The thyroid controls

A

metabolism - Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)

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3
Q

The thyroid regulates

A

digestion, oxygen, mobilizes fat from storage cells, and controls body temperature

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4
Q

What does the thyroid control in children?

A

growth and intellect (along with somatostatin)

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5
Q

What kind of hormones are thyroid hormones?

A

amine hormones

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6
Q

What are thyroid hormones derived from?

A

tyrosine

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7
Q

One iodide is transported with two sodium ions. The sodium-potassium ATPase pump pumps out sodium and concentrates iodide. This is known as the _________.

A

Sodium-iodide symporter

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8
Q

Process of concentrating the iodide is known as

A

Iodide Trapping

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9
Q

The rate of iodide trapping is influenced by

A

TSH from the anterior pituitary gland

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10
Q

The thyroid regulates:

A

digestion, oxygen, mobilizes fat from storage cells, and controls body temperature

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11
Q

Process of concentrating the iodide is known as _________.

A

Iodide Trapping

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12
Q

The rate of iodide trapping is influenced by _______ from the anterior pituitary gland

A

TSH

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13
Q

Oxidation of iodine is promoted by ______ and _________.

A

peroxidase and hydrogen peroxide

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14
Q

Iodine bind with ________ in the thyroid gland.

A

thyroglobulin

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15
Q

Major hormonal product of the coupling reaction in the thyroid gland is _____ and ________.

A

thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3).

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16
Q

In the thyroid gland, thyroxine and triiodothyronine are cleaved from ______.

A

thyroglobulin

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17
Q

When isthyroxine and triiodothyronine cleaved from thyroglobulin?

A

When stimulated by TSH from the pituitary gland

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18
Q

Follicle cells enlarge and send out pseudopods which close around colloid to form _________.

A

pinocytic vesicles

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19
Q

The thyroid gland is the only endocrine gland that ____________.

A

stores large amounts of hormones

20
Q

93% of thyroid hormone released

A

Thyroxine (T4)

21
Q

3% of thyroid hormone released

A

Triiodothyronine (T3)

22
Q

Primary function of the thyroid gland in children

A

increase linear height

23
Q

What stimulates osteoblast cell activity?

A

thyroid gland

24
Q

What are the primary means of the thyroid gland in adults and children?

A

most powerful to increase metabolism and increase energy

25
Q

What is the secondary means of the thyroid gland?

A

stimulate the neuromuscular system

26
Q

Increase cell membrane permeability to sodium and potassium, increase the synthesis of neurotransmitters, increase the number of receptors for neurotransmitters, and decrease the enzymes that catabolize neurotransmitters are what?

A

4 neurological means

27
Q

Transmission of the thyroid gland

A

Increase cell membrane permeability to sodium and potassium, increase the synthesis of neurotransmitters, increase the number of receptors for neurotransmitters, and decrease the enzymes that catabolize neurotransmitters(4 neurological means)

28
Q

Transmission of the thyroid gland

A

Increase cell membrane permeability to sodium and potassium, increase the synthesis of neurotransmitters, increase the number of receptors for neurotransmitters, and decrease the enzymes that catabolize neurotransmitters (4 neurological means)

29
Q

How does the thyroid gland affect the muscular system?

A

Development and stimulates the enzymes of protein anabolism

30
Q

How does the thyroid gland affect the muscular system developmentally?

A

stimulates the enzymes of protein anabolism

31
Q

How does the thyroid gland affect activity of the muscular system?

A

releases calcium along t-tubules (smooth muscle and skeletal muscle) It stimulates myosin heavy chain alpha and inhibits myosin heavy chain beta (cardiac muscle only)

32
Q

When the thyroid gland stimulates myosin heavy chain alpha and inhibits myosin heavy chain beta (cardiac muscle only) it is known as the _________.

A

contractile velocity of cardiac muscle

33
Q

Means when the thyroid gland stimulates the cardiovascular system

A
  1. heart rate (neurological): the four neurological means

2. stroke volume: the four neurological means

34
Q

Means when the thyroid gland stimulates the respiratory system

A

Four neurological means, stimulates enzymes of catabolism which release CO2 (exhale) and release of calcium along T-tubules

35
Q

Means when the thyroid gland increases blood glucose

A

excess stimulate enzymes protein catabolism

36
Q

How the thyroid gland affects high blood pressure

A

increase heart rate and or increase stroke volume

37
Q

How the thyroid gland affects low blood pressure

A
  1. catabolism of cardiac muscle -high thyroxine. Protein catabolism of heart muscle
  2. excess thyroxine stimulates enzymes of catabolism. Intermediate products stimulate vasodilation.
38
Q

Means of the thyroid gland when it stimulates endocrine glands

A

Stimulates the adrenal glands. Increases the secretion of cortisol (corticotropin-stimulates the secretion of cortisol) Increases the enzymes that catabolize cortisol.

39
Q

The thyroid gland increases the immune response by

A

increasing B and T lymphocytes

40
Q

The thyroid gland stimulates the reproductive system

A

Production of sex hormones
(increased production - fertility), (decreased production - sterility), GnRF (gonadotropin releasing factor) increases thyroxin, easier to measure in women due to the menstrual cycle

41
Q

Excess of fluoride can block iodine which

A

hinders production of thyroxine

42
Q

Thyroid can use excess fluoride to

A

produce a different hormone acting as thyroxine.

43
Q

Excess of fluoride can block iodine which __________.

A

hinders production of thyroxine

44
Q

Thyroid can use excess fluoride to ___________.

A

produce a different hormone acting as thyroxine.

45
Q

blood tests measure _________ .

A

“imposter” hormone as thyroixne.

Endocrinology (8 decks)

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