Flashcards in Thyroid Radiology Deck (17)
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1
Types of imagining used to study thyroid gland
- US
- CT
- MRI
- PET scan
- Fxnal imaging
2
Characteristics of US use to study thyroid
- US: best for detecting and characterizing nodules
- Can use doppler to tell if node is vascularized
- Normal appearance → homogeneous
- Nodule is discrete area within gland that is distinct from normal/surrounding thyroid parenchyma
3
Characteristics of types of nodules seen on US
- Solid → discrete well-defined nodule
- Cystic → discrete well-defined fluid filled
- Complex → discrete nodule with both fluid and solid comp
- Cancer → punctate very small heterogeneous clarifications
4
Characteristics of CT use in thyroid imaging
- useful to define extension to lymph nodes and distant metastases
- Normal → hyperdense and hypervascular, homogeneous
5
Characteristics of MRI use in thyroid imaging
- Useful for observing tissue invasion from metatasis
- Useful for infiltrative disease, especially in post surgery where anatomy is distorted
- Detection of deep nodal disease
- Can’t differentiate b/w solid vs cystic nodule
- T2: Thyroid is slightly hyperintense
- Can’t differentiate b/w solid vs cystic nodule
6
Characteristics of PET scan and functional imaging use in thyroid imaging
- PET scan: thyroid cancer staging - look for metastatic disease
- Detects hypermetabolic adenopathy
- Functional imaging: Iodine scan → evaluate the function of the gland
- Use radiotracer for diagnostic/therapeutic purposes
- Detects hypermetabolic adenopathy
- Use radiotracer for diagnostic/therapeutic purposes
7
Dx?

Normal thyroid US
8
Characteristics of thyroid on CT Neck
- hyperdense
- hypervascular
9
Dx?

Normal CT
10
Dx?

Solid nodule
11
Dx?

Cystic nodule
12
Dx?

Complex nodule
13
Dx?

Thyroid cancer
14
Dx?

Hashimoto's disease
15
Dx?

- hot nodule
- malignancy unlikely
16
Dx?

- Cold nodule = possibly malignant
- US + FNAB to determine malignancy
17
Common disease states seen on thyroid imaging
- Hot large thyroid gland → Graves disease (123I thyroid scan)
- Cold nodules: solid, cystic, cancer
- Hot nodules
- Thyroid Cancer → hypermetabolic adenopathy on CT/PET
- Therapy: 131I radioactive iodine
- Therapy: 131I radioactive iodine