Flashcards in TIA Deck (6)
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1
Definition of TIA
transient neurological deficit lasting less than 24h and normally less that 1h, caused by temporary occlusion of cerebral circulation and resulting in no cortical death.
2
Causes of TIA
Atherthromboembolism = most common
Cardioembolism = mural thrombus post MI, AF, valve disease, prosthetic valves
Hyperviscosity = polycythemia, elevated WCC, myeloma
3
History and Exam findings
As per stroke territories
Global events are not typical such as syncope or dizziness
Amaurosis fugax (progressive loss of vision in one eye)
Carotid bruit, measure BP, listen for murmurs, AF
4
Differential Diagnosis
hypoglycaemia
migrane with aura
focal epileptic seizure
syncope and hypotension
hyperventilation
vertigo +/- secondary nausea and ataxia
MS
somatization
5
Investigations and risk scoring
FBC, ESR, UEC, BGL, Lipids
CXR, Carotid USS +/- angiography, CT or diffusion MRI, ECHO (?patent foramen ovale)
ECG
ABCD2
Age > 60
BP >140/90
Clinical features - unilateral weakness (2)
- speech disturbance (1)
Duration of Sx - > 1h (2) or 10-59min (1)
Diabetes
0-3 = 1% 7 day stroke risk = urgent TIA OP
4-5 = 6% = observation in stroke unit
6-7 = 12% = observation in stroke unit
6
