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Wars Of The Roses (1450-1499) > Timeline > Flashcards

Timeline Flashcards

1
Q

1399

A
  • Henry IV gained crown by usurping Richard II
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2
Q

1413

A
  • Henry V succeeded the throne
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3
Q

1415

A
  • Henry V to leave for France, but Southampton plot led by Earl of Cambridge to replace Henry with Edmund Mortimer, but Edmund revealed the plot to Henry
  • set sail for France with 12,000 men, captured port Harfleur, lost 3,000 men + supplies
  • marched into Calais
  • Battle of Agincourt, Henry = 8,000 men, French = 12,000 but Henry still won
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4
Q

1417

A
  • Normandy campaigns, English = 12,000 men, captured Rouen in less then 2 years
  • French courts weak (Charles VI suffering mental illness)
  • 2 rival French groups (Armagnac + Burgundian)
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5
Q

1418

A
  • groups of heretics in minority religious movement in England and planned to assassinate Henry, leader hung for treason
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6
Q

1420

A
  • May Burgundian alliance: Henry’s heir to inherit French throne, dauphin disinherited, Charles VI daughter to marry Henry V, Boulgne + Calais given to Henry
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7
Q

1421

A
  • Henry VI was born
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8
Q

1422

A
  • Henry V died of dysentery, Henry VI king at 9 months, Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester = Lord Protector
  • death of Charles VI, John, Duke of Bedford = reagent of France
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9
Q

1429

A
  • Joan of Arc leads defeat of English at Orleans
  • Charles VII crowned at Reims
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10
Q

1431

A
  • Henry VI crowned in France
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11
Q

1435

A
  • 9th Sep death of Duke of Bedford
  • Duke of Burgundy breaks Anglo-Burgundian alliance
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12
Q

1436

A
  • lost control of Paris
  • Richard, Duke of York = lieutenant of France
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13
Q

1437

A
  • Henry VI took control of government
  • end of Yorks lieutenancy in France
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14
Q

1439

A
  • peace negotiations, release Duke of Orleans after 24 year captivity
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15
Q

1440

A
  • York lieutenant of France again
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16
Q

1443

A
  • failed expedition of John, Duke of Somerset to recover Dieppe
17
Q

1444

A
  • signed Treaty of Tours: Henry VI to marry Margaret of Anjou, £20,000 dowry agreed (never given), English give up Maine
18
Q

1445

A
  • Henry married Anjou
  • Yorks Lieutenancy ended again
19
Q

1447

A
  • Duke of Gloucester died
  • rivalry between Somerset and York sparked
  • York = lieutenant of Ireland
20
Q

1449

A
  • Henry backed attack of Breton town of Fougeres
  • 29th Oct Somerset surrendered Roven, paid ransom but left hostages
21
Q

1450

A
  • 1st Jul Somerset surrendered and left hostages again
  • 12th Aug Normandy lost to France
  • 2nd May Duke of Suffolk executed
  • Cade rebellion
  • 25th Jun Henry abandoned London
  • 12th Jul Jack Cade died
  • Yorks lieutenancy in Ireland ended (came back to England without king’s permission)
  • Act of Resumption to remove Somerset from royal household, but he was ignored
  • Sep Yorks 2 bills: personal grievances, general grievances
22
Q

1451

A
  • England lost control of Gascony
  • Henrys mental state began to deteriorate
  • Somerset captain of Calais
23
Q

1452

A
  • Dartford Coup, York didn’t have noble support so failed, gave Oath of Loyalty to king
  • Anjou pregnant, York no longer heir presumptive
24
Q

1453

A
  • Henry’s first catatonic state
  • 13th Oct Prince Edward born
25
Q

1454

A
  • 22nd Mar death of Archbishop of Cantenbury
  • 27th Mar York made Lord Protector, wanted to reduce royal household, (especially Somerset)
  • 25th Dec Henry out of catatonic state
  • 30th Dec York pushed aside after protectorate and everything he did undone by Henry
26
Q

1455

A
  • 21st Apr Council summoned, York + Nevilles not invited
  • 22nd May 1st Battle of St Albans, Yorkist victory: Somerset, Clifford, Northumberland died. York = Constable of England, Warwick = Captain of Calais
  • 9th Jul parliament opened and full of Yorkist supporters, renewed Oath of Loyalty to King
  • 17th Nov Henry’s second catatonic state, York = Lord Protector again
27
Q

1456

A
  • 25th Feb Henry out of catatonic state and York resign as protector
28
Q

1458

A
  • 24th Mar ‘Love day’
  • May Warwicks captains attacked Castilian fleet violating a truce, Anjou encourages council to arrest him so he retreats to Calais
29
Q

1459

A
  • May preparing for war, 3,000 bows + arrows removed from tower
  • 24th Jun meeting summoned, York + Warwick + Salisbury didn’t attend
  • 23rd Sep Battle of Blore Heath, discredited Yorkist loyalty, Thomas + John Neville captured
  • 5th Oct Edmund, Duke of Somerset = captain of Calais
  • 12th Oct ‘Rout’ of Ludford bridge, Lanc victory: Yorkist lords fled
  • 20th Nov Parliament of Devils, moved to Coventry, Act of Attainder declaring York and others as traitor
30
Q

1460

A
  • 26th Jun Yorkists force march on London and welcomed
  • 10th Jul Battle of Northampton, Yorkist victory: Henry captured and taken back to London, Anjou + Prince Edward fled North
  • 25th Oct Act of Accord, York made heir instead of Prince Edward
  • 30th Dec Battle of Wakefield, Lanc victory: York + Edmund (Yorks son) killed, Salisbury captured and killed
31
Q

1461

A
  • 2nd Feb Mortimers Cross, Yorkist victory: Edward proved himself, then went to meet Warwick
  • 17th Feb 2nd Battle of St Albans, Lanc victory: Anjou took time getting to London after
  • 4th Mar Edward declared himself king
  • 29th Mar Battle of Towton, Yorkist victory: Henry escaped, Anjou + Prince Edward fled to Scotland
  • Edward entered York after Towton on Easter monday
  • 28th Jun coronation of Edward IV
  • Jun armies of Scots + Lanc lay siege to Carlisle, Lord Fauconberg dealt with it
  • Jul northern raids by Lancs, Henry involved but they forced to retire
  • Oct attack of 3 castles (Pembroke, Harlech, Denbeigh) led by Jasper Tudor, defeated by Lord Montagu
32
Q

1462

A
  • Anjou made deal with Louis XI, if Henry gave up Calais, they would get armed support
  • support came, Anjou + Henry + Somerset went to Bamburgh but forced to withdraw due to size of Edwards force
  • 24th Dec Edward moved north, ill with measles Warwick took over, Dustanburgh + Bamburgh surrendered
33
Q

1463

A
  • Apr Edward forgives Percy’s + Somerset, but Percy gives castles back to Lanc
  • Jul full scale invasion by scots, lay siege to fortress at Norhan on Tweed, Edward raised taxes for army
  • Warwick + Montagu confronted force, scots fled
  • Nevilles made small raid on Scotland
  • Anjou and Prince Edward fled to France
  • Edward change from military to diplomatic tactics
  • Oct truce with Louis XI + Scots
34
Q

1464

A
  • 25th Apr Battle of Hedgeley Moor, Yorkist victory: Montagu ambushed on the way to escort Scottish envoys to york, Montagu successfully fought them off
  • 1st May Edward IV secretly married Elizabeth Woodville
  • 15th May Battle of Hexam, Yorkists victory: Montagu ended Lanc resistance
  • 23rd May Alnwick and Dustanburugh captured
35
Q

1465

A
  • 26th May Elizabeth Woodville’s coronation
  • Jul Henry VI captured by Warwick in Lancashire
36
Q

1468

A
  • Harlech in Wales surrendered after failure of French backed expedition led by Jasper Tudor
  • Edward arranged marriage of Margaret (his sister) to Charles, Duke of Burgundy
  • Jan Warwick appeared before king and council at Conventry in an attempt to put George, Duke of Clarence on the throne
37
Q

1469

A
  • Apr Robin of Redesdale + Robin of Holderness revolt, both put down by Montagu
  • Jun Robin of Redesdale revolt again
  • 26th Jul Battle of Edgecote, Neville victory: Edward captured, Earl Rivers + William Herbet executed
  • Sep Edward released as Warwick couldn’t prevent Lanc uprising in the North without kings support
38
Q

1470

A
  • 12th Mar Battle of Losecote field, Edward victorious: before Sir Robert Welles executed, he confessed Warwick + Clarence (Edwards brother) were at the root of the rebellion
  • 24th Mar Warwick + Clarence declared traitors, fled to France, not offered refuge in Calais so turned to Louis XI
  • 22nd Jul Treaty of Angers, Anne Neville to marry Prince Edward, Anjou pardoned Warwick, Louis provide support to put Prince Edward on throne, in return help France against Burgundy
  • Sep Warwick + Clarence landed in Devonshire and marched to Coventry with gaining support
  • 2nd Oct king forced to flee as he had been deserted by vast majority of his supporters, welcomed by Louis of Bruges, Governor of Holland
  • Henry VI released from Tower of London and Warwick pledge allegiance
39
Q

1471

A
  • 11th Mar Edward set sail from Holland, attempted to land at Cromer but couldn’t so went to Ravenspur instead
  • Edward reached Conventry to battle Warwick but he chose not to fight so Edward went for London instead
  • 11th Apr London opened its gates to Edward
  • 14th Apr Battle of Barnet, Yorkists victory: Warwick + Montagu + Exeter killed
  • 4th May Battle of Tewkesbury, Yorkist victory: Prince Edward + Somerset + Devon killed, Anjou captured
  • 21st May Edward re-entered London in Triumph, same day Henry VI died of ‘melancholy’
  • Anjou ransomed by Louis XI and sent to France where she died in poverty in 1482

Wars Of The Roses (1450-1499) (8 decks)

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