Tissue

Question 1

What are the four types of tissue?

Answer 1

Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

Question 2

What are the four essential functions of epithelial tissue?

Answer 2

Protect, permeability, sensation, specialized secretions

Question 3

What are characteristics of epithelial tissue?

Answer 3

Have polarity, cellularity, attachment, avascularity, and regeneration

Question 4

What is cellularity?

Answer 4

When cells are bound closely together.

Question 5

What is vascularity?

Answer 5

Having blood vessels within.

Question 6

What is a tight junction in epithelial cells?

Answer 6

Lipid portions of 2 plasma membranes are tightly bound

Question 7

What is a desmosome?

Answer 7

Protein complexes that act as adhesion junctions between cells

Question 8

What makes cells “transitional”?

Answer 8

If they can undergo change in shape or structure

Question 9

What is the basic structural unit of compact bone?

Answer 9

Osteon

Question 10

The prefix “chondr” means?

Answer 10

Cartilage

Question 11

The prefix “ret” means?

Answer 11

Like a net or web

Question 12

Physiology is

Answer 12

the study of body function

Question 13

Anatomy is

Answer 13

the study of structures of the human body

Question 14

What are the primary types of epithelial cells?

Answer 14

Squamous, cuboidal, columnar, (either simple or stratified)

Question 15

What are some speciality types of epithelial cells?

Answer 15

Transitional, pseudo-stratified columnar

Question 16

Purpose of simple squamous epithelial cells?

Answer 16

Movement through permeability, may secrete mucus to reduce function

Question 17

Examples of simple squamous epithelial cells:

Answer 17

Kidney tubules, heart lining, inner cornea, alveoli of lungs, capillaries

Question 18

Purpose of simple cuboidal epithelial cells?

Answer 18

Secretion and absorption

Question 19

Examples of simple cuboidal epithelial cells:

Answer 19

Kidney tubules, ducts & secretory portions of small glands, ovary surface

Question 20

Purpose of simple columnar epithelial cells?

Answer 20

Secretion, excretion, and absorption

Question 21

Examples of simple columnar epithelial cells?

Answer 21

Most of digestive track, uterine tubes, some regions of the uterus

Question 22

Purpose of stratified squamous epithelial tissue?

Answer 22

Protection via thick membrane

Question 23

Examples of stratified squamous epithelial tissue:

Answer 23

Lining of esophagus, mouth, and vagina

Question 24

Key feature of stratified squamous epithelial tissue?

Answer 24

Thick membrane at the top of keratinized (dead cells) cells

Question 25

Purpose of stratified cuboidal cells?

Answer 25

Protection of glands

Question 26

Examples of stratified cuboidal cells:

Answer 26

Sweat glands, mammary glands, salivary glands

Question 27

Purpose of stratified columnar cells?

Answer 27

Protection

Question 28

Examples of stratified columnar cells

Answer 28

very rare - found in urethra

Question 29

What are psudeostratified columnar epithelial cells?

Answer 29

Stratified cells, but varying heights due to location of nuclei

Question 30

Purpose of psudeostratified columnar epithelial cells?

Answer 30

Absorption and secretion, protection, transport of hormones & enzymes

Question 31

Examples of psudeostratified columnar epithelial cells:

Answer 31

most of the upper respiratory tract, sperm ducts, and trachea

Question 32

What is the purpose of transitional epithelial cells?

Answer 32

To stretch when needed

Question 33

How do transitional epithelial cells look when stretched and relaxed?

Answer 33

When stretched, cuboidal. When relaxed, squamous

Question 34

Examples of transitional epithelial cells?

Answer 34

Bladder

Question 35

What is connective tissue?

Answer 35

Most abundant tissue; protects, supports, and binds

Question 36

General appearance of connective tissue:

Answer 36

Cells may be dispersed; are surrounded by fibers or ground substance

Question 37

Types of connective tissue fibers:

Answer 37

Collagen, elastic, and reticular

Question 38

Types of connective tissue ground substance:

Answer 38

fluid and protein

Question 39

What are the two types of connective tissue proper?

Answer 39

Loose and dense

Question 40

Describe loose connective tissue proper & the types:

Answer 40

Loose, open framework. Areolar, adipose, reticular

Question 41

Describe areolar, adipose, and reticular loose connective tissue proper:

Answer 41

Areolar: Gel-like matrix, wraps and cushions organs Adipose: Sparse, fat cells, provides reserve fuel and protects against heat loss Reticular: Thick fibers, lymphoid

Question 42

Describe dense connective tissue proper and the types:

Answer 42

Regular: densely packed collagen fibers, tendons, attaches muscle to bone, bone to bone, withstands high pull Irregular: Collagen, irregularly arranged, withstands tension in many directions, found in joint capsules and organs

Question 43

Describe the types of fluid connective tissue:

Answer 43

Blood: matrix of plasma made up of white and red blood cells. Transports material (gasses, hormones, waste, etc) Lymph:

Question 44

Identify and describe the types of supportive connective tissue:

Answer 44

Cartilage: solid, rubbery matrix Bone: Solid, crystalline matrix. Stores calcium & other minerals. Forms rings like a tree.

Question 45

Identify and describe the types of collagen supportive connective tissue:

Answer 45

Hyaline: Slightly flexible, covers ends of long bones, cartilage of the ribs, nose, trachea, and larynx Elastic: maintains shape of structure while allowing great flexibility like in the external ear and epiglottis Fibrocartilage: Less firm, mostly collagen, strong w/good shock absorption. Found in between spinal and knee discs

Question 46

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

Answer 46

Skeletal, cardiac, smooth

Question 47

Describe each of the three types of muscle tissue.

Answer 47

Skeletal: mostly attaches to bones, allows for movement, striated cylindrical, multinucleate per cell Cardiac: striated, tubular, and branching. Involuntary, intercalated discs where they connect Smooth: no striation, mono nucleic, spindle shaped. Usually in or are organs. Involuntary.

Question 48

Purpose of nervous tissue:

Answer 48

Transmit electrical signals around the body