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Anatomy and Physiology > Tissue > Flashcards

Tissue Flashcards

(48 cards)

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1
Q

What are the four types of tissue?

A

Epithelial, connective, muscle, nervous

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2
Q

What are the four essential functions of epithelial tissue?

A

Protect, permeability, sensation, specialized secretions

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3
Q

What are characteristics of epithelial tissue?

A

Have polarity, cellularity, attachment, avascularity, and regeneration

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4
Q

What is cellularity?

A

When cells are bound closely together.

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5
Q

What is vascularity?

A

Having blood vessels within.

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6
Q

What is a tight junction in epithelial cells?

A

Lipid portions of 2 plasma membranes are tightly bound

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7
Q

What is a desmosome?

A

Protein complexes that act as adhesion junctions between cells

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8
Q

What makes cells “transitional”?

A

If they can undergo change in shape or structure

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9
Q

What is the basic structural unit of compact bone?

A

Osteon

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10
Q

The prefix “chondr” means?

A

Cartilage

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11
Q

The prefix “ret” means?

A

Like a net or web

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12
Q

Physiology is

A

the study of body function

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13
Q

Anatomy is

A

the study of structures of the human body

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14
Q

What are the primary types of epithelial cells?

A

Squamous, cuboidal, columnar, (either simple or stratified)

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15
Q

What are some speciality types of epithelial cells?

A

Transitional, pseudo-stratified columnar

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16
Q

Purpose of simple squamous epithelial cells?

A

Movement through permeability, may secrete mucus to reduce function

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17
Q

Examples of simple squamous epithelial cells:

A

Kidney tubules, heart lining, inner cornea, alveoli of lungs, capillaries

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18
Q

Purpose of simple cuboidal epithelial cells?

A

Secretion and absorption

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19
Q

Examples of simple cuboidal epithelial cells:

A

Kidney tubules, ducts & secretory portions of small glands, ovary surface

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20
Q

Purpose of simple columnar epithelial cells?

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A

Secretion, excretion, and absorption

21
Q

Examples of simple columnar epithelial cells?

Study These Flashcards
A

Most of digestive track, uterine tubes, some regions of the uterus

22
Q

Purpose of stratified squamous epithelial tissue?

Study These Flashcards
A

Protection via thick membrane

23
Q

Examples of stratified squamous epithelial tissue:

Study These Flashcards
A

Lining of esophagus, mouth, and vagina

24
Q

Key feature of stratified squamous epithelial tissue?

Study These Flashcards
A

Thick membrane at the top of keratinized (dead cells) cells

25
Purpose of stratified cuboidal cells?
Protection of glands
26
Examples of stratified cuboidal cells:
Sweat glands, mammary glands, salivary glands
27
Purpose of stratified columnar cells?
Protection
28
Examples of stratified columnar cells
very rare - found in urethra
29
What are psudeostratified columnar epithelial cells?
Stratified cells, but varying heights due to location of nuclei
30
Purpose of psudeostratified columnar epithelial cells?
Absorption and secretion, protection, transport of hormones & enzymes
31
Examples of psudeostratified columnar epithelial cells:
most of the upper respiratory tract, sperm ducts, and trachea
32
What is the purpose of transitional epithelial cells?
To stretch when needed
33
How do transitional epithelial cells look when stretched and relaxed?
When stretched, cuboidal. When relaxed, squamous
34
Examples of transitional epithelial cells?
Bladder
35
What is connective tissue?
Most abundant tissue; protects, supports, and binds
36
General appearance of connective tissue:
Cells may be dispersed; are surrounded by fibers or ground substance
37
Types of connective tissue fibers:
Collagen, elastic, and reticular
38
Types of connective tissue ground substance:
fluid and protein
39
What are the two types of connective tissue proper?
Loose and dense
40
Describe loose connective tissue proper & the types:
Loose, open framework. Areolar, adipose, reticular
41
Describe areolar, adipose, and reticular loose connective tissue proper:
Areolar: Gel-like matrix, wraps and cushions organs Adipose: Sparse, fat cells, provides reserve fuel and protects against heat loss Reticular: Thick fibers, lymphoid
42
Describe dense connective tissue proper and the types:
Regular: densely packed collagen fibers, tendons, attaches muscle to bone, bone to bone, withstands high pull Irregular: Collagen, irregularly arranged, withstands tension in many directions, found in joint capsules and organs
43
Describe the types of fluid connective tissue:
Blood: matrix of plasma made up of white and red blood cells. Transports material (gasses, hormones, waste, etc) Lymph:
44
Identify and describe the types of supportive connective tissue:
Cartilage: solid, rubbery matrix Bone: Solid, crystalline matrix. Stores calcium & other minerals. Forms rings like a tree.
45
Identify and describe the types of collagen supportive connective tissue:
Hyaline: Slightly flexible, covers ends of long bones, cartilage of the ribs, nose, trachea, and larynx Elastic: maintains shape of structure while allowing great flexibility like in the external ear and epiglottis Fibrocartilage: Less firm, mostly collagen, strong w/good shock absorption. Found in between spinal and knee discs
46
What are the three types of muscle tissue?
Skeletal, cardiac, smooth
47
Describe each of the three types of muscle tissue.
Skeletal: mostly attaches to bones, allows for movement, striated cylindrical, multinucleate per cell Cardiac: striated, tubular, and branching. Involuntary, intercalated discs where they connect Smooth: no striation, mono nucleic, spindle shaped. Usually in or are organs. Involuntary.
48
Purpose of nervous tissue:
Transmit electrical signals around the body

Anatomy and Physiology (2 decks)

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