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tissue Flashcards

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1
Q

what does the basal lamina consist of ?

A

glycoproteins

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2
Q

what does the basement membrane do ?

A
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3
Q

where can we find the basement membrane

A

bw the connective tissue and epithelium

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4
Q

if epithelium is avascular how is it supplied ?

A

it is supplied by nerve fibers , they receive everything through diffusion from blood vessels in the underlying connective tissue

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5
Q

wt is the regenerative capacity of epithelium ?

A

high regenerative capacity

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6
Q

wts a gland ?

A

consist of one or more cells that make and secrete a particular product

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7
Q

multicellular glands usually have ducts or no ?

A

yes they do have ducts

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8
Q

the hormones endocrine produce are usually made from what ?

A

from amino acids, peptides , glycoproteins or steroids

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9
Q

exocrine glands are multi or unicellular ?

A

could be both

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10
Q

examples of exocrine glands ?

A

salivary glands , sweat glands and the pancreas

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11
Q

example of unicellular exocrine glands

A

goblet cells and mucous cells

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12
Q

unicellular glands secrete their product directly , what do we call the method ?

A

exocytosis

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13
Q

where can we find the unicellular glands in our body ?

A

they are sprinkled in the epithelial linings of the intestinal and respiratory tract

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14
Q

where can we find goblet cells ?

A

in the intestines and respiratory tract

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15
Q

connective tissue arise from wt ?

A

mesenchyme

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16
Q

which connective tissues are poorly vascularized and avascular ?

A

cartilage is avascular adn dense connective tissue is poorly vascularized

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17
Q

wt makes the extracellular matrix ?

A

ground substances , fibers and cells

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18
Q

wt are the three types of fibers found in the connective tissue matrix

A

collagen , elastic and reticular

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19
Q

which fiber is the most abundant and strongest ?

A

collagen fibers

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20
Q

why are the collagen fibers strong ?

A

beacuse they are tightly twisted together which makes them very tough

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21
Q

where can we find collagen fibers ?

A

places that need strength , skin , tendons and bones

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22
Q

elastic fibers are made from wt ?

A

protein called elastin

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23
Q

where can we find elastic fibers ?

A

in places that need to stretch like the skin , lungs and blood vessels

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24
Q

what is marfan syndrome ?

A

inherited condition that affects the elastic fibers because the proteins in them are not normal which affects how the tissue stretches and recoil

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25
wt are the symptoms of marfan syndrome ?
longer arms , legs and fingers
26
reticular fibers are made from what ?
special type of collagen
27
where can we find the reticular fibers ?
in places where connective tissue is next to other types of tissue such as the basement membrane or around the capillaries
28
how do blast cells change from immature to mature form ?
after the blast cells create the matrix they turn into their mature form called cyte cells where they are less active
29
when should the cyte cells change and turn to blast cells ?
if the matrix gets damaged they can change back into blast cells to repair it
30
what type of cells are mostly responsible for making the matrix ?
blast cells are responsible for making the matrix
31
what do we call the immature cells that form blood ?
hematopoietic stem cells
32
blood dosent make a solid matrix like other connective tissues instead the matrix is what ?
plasma unlike the solid matrix of ther connective tissue
33
which cells store energy in the form of fat snd when the body needs energy fat is released ?
Adipocytes , adipose cells or simply fat cells
34
which cells help the body to respond to infection or injury ?
WBC or leukocytes
35
wt are the three types of WBCs and wt do they do ?
neutrophil - fight infections ,eosinophils - help fight off parasitic infections and involved in allergic responses AND lymphocytes - play a role in immune defebse
36
where can we find mast cells ?
near blood vessels
37
which cells in connective tissue are involved in the inflammatory response and detect foreign invaders
mast cells
38
wt are the chemicals mast cells release ?
heparin - prevents blood from clotting too early ( like blood vessels and histamine - makes blood vessels leaky so immune cells can pass through and reach the infection site which causes inflamation And proteases they break down proteins , they degrade foreign proteins or damaged tissues
39
wt do macrophages do ?
they eat or deviur foreign materials
40
where can we find macrophages ?
loose connective tissue , bone marow and lyphoid tissue
41
wt is the structure of areolar connective tissue ?
loose fibers and ground subs
42
wt is the function of areolar connective tissue ?
binds tissue, holds body fluids , defends against infection and stores nutrients as fat
43
where can we find areolar connective tissue ?
under epithelial tissues , around organs and in mucous membranes
44
wt are the key cells found in areolar connective tissue ?
fibroblasts , macrophages and Adipocytes
45
adipose tissue is made mostly from wt ?
adipocytes that store fat
46
where can we find adipose fat tissue ?
under the skin , around the organs and in bones
47
wt are the types of adipose tissue
white fat : stores nutrients brown fat : generates heat instead of atp to help maintain body temp
48
reticular Ct in made of what ?
reticular fibers forming a network
49
where can we find RCT ?
lymph nodes , spleen and bone marrow
50
wt is the structure of dense regular ?
packed bundles of collagen fibers runing in the same direction
51
where can we find dense regular ?
tendons (Muscles to bone) and aponeuroses (flat tendons ) and ligaments ( bone to bone )
52
does dense regular heals quickly ?
no healing is slowly because poor blood supply
53
wt is the structure of dense IRREGULAR ?
collagen fibers are thicker and arranged randomly
54
wt is the function of dense irregular
it resists tension from multiple directions
55
location of dense irregular ?
dermis , joint capsules , coverings around organs
56
where can we find elastic connective tissue ?
found in ligaments and the walls of large arteries where flexibility and strech are needed
57
cartilage is avascular and lacks nerve fibers how does it get its nutrients ?
through diffusion from nearby blood vessels
58
what are the types of cartilage ?
hyaline , elastic and fibrocartilage
59
wt is the structure of hyaline cartilage ?
contains collagen fibers that are not visible so it gives a glassy appearance
60
where can we find hyaline cartilage ?
- covers ends of long bones as articular cartilage - supports the nose tip , ribs to sternum and parts of the respiratory system -makes up most of the embryoonic skeleton and then turns into bone through a process called ossification as the baby grows
61
where can we find elastic cartilage ?
external ear and epiglottis
62
wt is the function of fibrocartilage ?
resists compression and tension
63
where can we find fibrocartilage ?
intervertebral discs and knee cartilage
64
which cartilage is Found in joints, ribs, and the respiratory system ?
hyaline cartilage
65
which cartilage is Found in the ear and epiglottis ?
elastic cartilage
66
which cartilage is found in places needing strong support (intervertebral discs, knee) ?
fibrocartilage
67
What is the main function of connective tissue in the body?
Connective tissue provides support, binds together, protects, and nourishes organs and tissues, as well as storing energy and defending against infections.
68
What are the two main components that make up connective tissue?
Connective tissue is made up of cells and an extracellular matrix
69
What is the difference between loose connective tissue and dense connective tissue?
Loose connective tissue has fewer fibers and more ground substance, making it flexible and softer. Dense connective tissue has more collagen fibers, making it stronger and more resistant to tension.
70
Which of the following cells are responsible for producing collagen in connective tissue?
fibroblast
71
Which type of cartilage is found at the ends of long bones and provides a smooth surface for joint movement?
hyaline cartilage
72
what are the three membranes in our body ?
cutaneous membrane , mucous , serous
73
where can we find cutaneous membrane ?
ur skin
74
cutaneous membrane consists of ?
keratinized stratified squamous epithelium , dense IRREGULAR , AND UNDER iy we can find adipose tissue
75
wt is the key feature of cutaneous membrane ?
dry membrane
76
mucous membranes , which epithelium ?
stratified epithelium
77
mucous membrane which connect tissue ?
dense irregular
78
serous membrane which epith ?
simple squamous
79
wt are the three steps of tissue repair ?
1- inflammation 2- organization 3- regeneration and fibrosis
80
wt happens in inflammation ?
- mast cells release chemicals - these chemicals make the blood vessels leaky -clotting seals off the injured area -the surface of the clot exposed to air dries and forms a scab
81
wt happens in organization in tissue repair ?
clot is replaced with granulation tissue which restores vascular supply fibroblast multiply and produce growth factors and collagen fibers that bridge the gap after they finish they undergo apoptosis - macrophages get rid of extra and dead cells
82
wt happens in regeneration and fibrosis ?
the epithelium thickens under the scab
83
Epithelial tissues * Bone * Areolar connective tissue * Dense irregular connective tissue * Blood-forming tissues wt do we consider their regeneration capacity ?
high
84
Skeletal muscle * Cartilage regenration capacity ?
weak
85
Smooth muscle * Dense regular connective tissue regenration capacity ?
moderate
86
Cardiac muscle * Nervous tissue (brain and spinal cord) * Replaced by scar tissue regenration capacity ?
no reg.
87
in mucous membranes the epithelial sheet lies directly over a layer of areolar ct tissue wt do we call it ?
lamina propria
88
all glands secrete through merocrine except ?
sabaceous gland
89
wt are the fibers in Ct ?
collagen , elastic and reticular
90
wt is the ct of ligament ?
dense regular
91
collarbone has which fiber ?
collagen fibers
92
fibrocartilage has which fibers ?
collagen fibers
93
where can we find fibrocartilage ?
intervertebral discs + knee
94
ankle has which cartilage ?
hyaline cartilage
95
what type of cells will u see in spleen ?
reticular cells
96
which epithelial covers the ovaries ?
simple cuboidal
97
where does the chondrocytes stay ?
lacuna
98

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