tissue fluid and mass transport in animals

Question 1

how does oxygenated blood get to the body from the lungs to the kidneys

Answer 1

-pulmonary vein
-to left atrium
-to left ventricle
-to aorta
-to renal artery

Question 2

describe the structure of arteries

Answer 2

-thick muscle layer contacts and relaxes to control blood flow

-elastic layer stretches and recoil to maintain high blood pressure

-arteriole wall stretches and recoils to maintain high blood pressure

Question 3

describe the the structure of arterioles

Answer 3

thicker muscle layer which contracts to reduce blood flow into capilaries
thinner elastic layer dont need to maintain high blood pressure

Question 4

vein structure

Answer 4

valves to prevent blood flowing backwards

Question 5

how are capillaries adapted to function

Answer 5

-thin lining layer and narrow lumen provides a short diffusion distance
-lots of them and highly branched creates a larger surface area

Question 6

arteries and aorta take blood where

Answer 6

away from the heart

Question 7

veins and vena cava

Answer 7

take blood to the heart

Question 8

formation of tissue fluid

Answer 8

blood has high hydrostatic pressure
hydrostatic pressure forces water out of the capillaries forming tissue fluid
-loss of fluid and plasma proteins reduces the water potential at venus end
so fluid returns to the blood as a result of low hydrostatic pressure and osmosis

Question 9

tissue fluid

Answer 9

water glucose and ions
controls the exchange of substances