Tissue Repair

Question 1

Broad descriptions of Acute inflammation

Answer 1

• fast
• mainly consists of neutrophils
• usually mild and does not destroy self tissues
• has prominent local & systemic signs

Question 2

Broad descriptions Chronic inflammation

Answer 2

• slow
• produces monocytes/macrophages and B/T cells
• usually severe and damages self tissue
• little systemic & local signs

Question 3

Calor

Answer 3

Heat

Question 4

Rubor

Answer 4

Redness

Question 5

Tumor

Answer 5

Swelling

Question 6

Dolor

Answer 6

Pain

Question 7

Functio laesa

Answer 7

Loss off. Function

Question 8

Specific descriptions of acute inflammation

Answer 8

Dilation of small vessels

Increase permeability of microvasculature

Emigration of leukocytes from microcirculation to the focus of injury

Question 9

Exudate

Answer 9

Extravascular fluid that contains cellular debris and lots of proteins

• presence implies increased permeability of small blood vessels

Question 10

Purulent inflammation

Answer 10

Accumulation of exudate that forms pus

• high concentration of leukocytes/ dead cell debris
• caused by pyogenic pathogens.

Question 11

Ulcer

Answer 11

Shedding “stuffing” of surface of organ

Question 12

Outcomes of acute inflammation

Answer 12

• complete resolution/regeneration
• progression to chronic inflammation
• healing via scarring/fibrosis

Question 13

Labile tissues

Answer 13

Tissues containing cells that are ALWAYS undergoing self-replication

Question 14

Stable tissues

Answer 14

Tissues containing cells that are capable of regeneration, but not always undergoing it

Question 15

Permanent tissues

Answer 15

No regeneration of cells.

Question 16

Steps of scar tissue formation

Answer 16

• inflammation
• angiogenesis
• formation of granulation tissue
• ECM remolding/ scar formation

Question 17

TNF-B

Answer 17

Most importation cytokine to granulation tissue formation

Question 18

Primary union

Answer 18

Regeneration w/ mild scaring

Question 19

Secondary union

Answer 19

Regeneration w/extensive scarring

Question 20

keloid

Answer 20

Excessive ECM production causes large boundary-less scars

Question 21

Factors that impair tissue repair

Answer 21

Infection (most impactful)
Diabetes 
Steroids
Poor nutrition
Poor perfusion
Location, type and extent of injury

Question 22

Matrixmetalloproteinases (MMPs)

Answer 22

Most important molecule in formation and shrinkage of scars overtime

Question 23

Autophagy

Answer 23

Self digestion of intracellular organelles via lysosomes

-done in times of nutrient deprivation

Question 24

Mechanisms of intracellular accumulation

Answer 24

Abnormal metabolism

Mutations in protein folding/transport

Lysosome enzyme deficiencies

Inability to degrade phagocytosis pigments (carbon)

Question 25

Steatosis

Answer 25

Accumulation of triglycerides in parenchyma cells

Question 26

Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency

Answer 26

Mutation causing significant slowing of protein folding. unfolded protein intermediates build up in ER

Question 27

Glycogenoses

Answer 27

Enzymes cant break down glucose

Question 28

Most common exogenous pigment

Answer 28

Carbon - build up called (anthracosis)

Question 29

Transudate

Answer 29

Fluid with low protein content & little or no cellular material. - presenceimplies hydrostatic imbalance across vessels w/normal permeability