Tissue repair, Pain and Inflammation Flashcards
How are tissues usually damaged?
through excessive compressive forces, tensile forces or shearing/lacerating forces
What are the 4 phases of tissue repair
- bleeding
- inflammation
- proliferation
- remodelling
What is the bleeding phase?
- Lasts 0-10 hours
- depends on injury type, tissues damaged, severity of injury and person specific factors
What is the inflammation phase?
- Lasts 0-4 days
- Rapid onset
- increase in size in days 1-3
What triggers the inflammation phase?
bleeding, trauma, chemical changes, infection, immunological factors
What are signs of the inflammation phase?
- pain
- swelling
- loss of function
- heat
- redness
What causes loss of function in inflammation phase?
pain
fear of movement
swelling
tissue damage
What causes swelling in inflammation phase?
- vasodilation
- chemical mediators alter permeability of capillaries allowing inflammatory exudate to gather round damaged tissues
what is the role of inflammatory exudate?
- dilutes toxins
- allows passage of antibodies and plasma proteins
- allows phagocytosis
What is the proliferation phase?
- lasts 1-10+ days
- when the muscle has regenerative capacity
What influences the proliferation phase?
- severity of the trauma
- early management
- tissue vascularity
- age
- nutrition
- medication
- temperature
- appropriate loading
What builds up at injury site in proliferation phase?
Type III collagen (more elastic but cannot handle substantial loads)
What is the remodelling phase?
- 10+ days post injury
- Involves ongoing fibroblast activity and collagen production
- Absorption of older fibrous tissue
- deposition of new fibrous tissue
- Type III collagen replaced with type I
How are tissues managed in inflammatory phase?
PEACE and LOVE
- Protection, Elevation, Avoid anti-inflammatories, Compression, Education
- Load, Optimism, Vascularisation, Exercise
What is chronic inflammation?
- long term inflammation that can occur with no preceding acute inflammation
- Involves continuous pain, swelling, lack of function and pathological remodelling
