TISSUES Flashcards
1
Q
WHAT ARE THE 4 TYPES OF TISSUE
A
- nervous
- epithelial
- muscle
- connective tissue
2
Q
WHAT IS THE MOST ABUNDANT TISSUE TYPE IN THE BODY
A
Connective tissue
3
Q
WHAT ARE THE MAIN FUNCTIONS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE (PITSS)
A
- protection
- insulation
- transportation (blood)
- support
- storage (of reserve fuel)
4
Q
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF NERVOUS TISSUE
A
internal communication
5
Q
WHAT DOES NERVOUS TISSUE MAKE UP
A
makes up the brain, spinal cord and nerves
6
Q
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF MUSCLE TISSUE
A
creates contractions to cause movement
7
Q
WHAT DOES MUSCLE TISSUE MAKE UP
A
skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle and the walls of hollow organs
8
Q
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF EPITHELIAL TISSUE (PSAFF)
A
protects secretes absorbs filters Forms boundaries between different environments
9
Q
WHAT DOES EPITHELIAL TISSUE MAKE UP
A
skin surface
lining of the GI Tract and other hollow organs
10
Q
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE
A
supports, protects and binds tissues together
11
Q
WHAT DOES THE BASIC STRUCTURE OF EACH OF THE 4 TISSUES DEPEND ON
A
types of cells cell arrangements extracellular matrix (ECM)
12
Q
WHAT ARE THE 4 CLASSES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE
A
- connective tissue proper
- cartilage
- bone
- blood
13
Q
WHAT ARE THE TWO SUBCLASSES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER
A
lose and dense connective tissue
14
Q
WHAT TYPES OF TISSUE ARE INCLUDED IN THE LOSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE SUBCLASS
A
- areolar
- adipose
- reticular
15
Q
WHAT TYPES OF TISSUE ARE INCLUDED IN THE SUBCLASS OF DENSE CONNECTIVE TISSUE
A
regular
irregular
elastic
16
Q
WHAT ARE THE SUBCLASSES OF BONE TISSUE
A
compact bone
spongy bone
17
Q
WHAT ARE THE SUBCLASSES OF CARTILAGE TISSUE
A
hyaline
fibrocartilage
elastic
18
Q
WHAT ARE THE STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE
A
- ground substance
- fibres
- cells
19
Q
WHAT IS GROUND SUBSTANCE
A
unstructured material that fills spaces between cells containing fibres
20
Q
WHAT IS GROUND SUBSTANCE MADE OF
A
interstitial fluid
proteins
photoglycines
21
Q
WHAT ARE THE THREE TYPES OF FIBRES THAT CAN BE FOUND IN CONNECTIVE TISSUE
A
collagen
elastin
retinacula
22
Q
WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF COLLAGEN
A
strongest and most abundant fibre
high tensile strength
appears pink and thick under a microscope
23
Q
WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF ELASTIN
A
networks of long thin fibres that allow stretch and recoil
appear thin and dark under a microscope
24
Q
WHAT IS RETINACULA
A
Short fine highly branched collagenous fibres
25
WHAT DOES THE PREFIX OSTEO REFER TO
Bone
26
WHAT DOES THE PREFIX CHONDRO REFER TO
cartilage
27
WHAT DOES THE PREFIC FIBRO REFER TO
CT PROPER
28
WHAT ARE THE TWO WAYS THAT CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER CAN BE CLASSIFIED
loose and dense
29
WHICH CELL PRODUCES EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX IN CONNECTIVE TISSUE PROPER
fibroblasts
30
WHICH CELLS IN CT PROPER MATURE INTO FIBROCYTES
FIBROBLASTS
31
DESCRIBE THE FIBRES IN DENSE REGULAR CT
parallel arrangement of collagen, with few elastin fibres
32
WHAT CELLS ARE FOUND IN DENSE REGULAR CT
fibroblasts and fibrocytes
33
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF DENSE REGULAR CT
to withstand tensile stress when pulling in one direction
34
WHERE CAN DENSE REGULAR CT BE FOUND
tendons
ligaments
deep fascia
35
DESCRIBE THE FIBRES IN DENSE IRREGULAR CT
sheets of irregularly arranged but highly packed collagen fibres
rew elastin fibres
36
WHAT CELLS ARE LOCATED WITHIN DENSE IRREGULAR CT
fibroblasts and fibrocytes
37
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF DENSE IRREGULAR CT
to withstand tension exerted in many directions
38
WHERE CAN DENSE IRREGULAR CT BE FOUND
fibrous joint capsule
| dermis of the skin
39
WHAT FIBRES MAKE UP ELASTIC CT
a high proportion of elastic fibres
40
WHAT CELLS CAN BE FOUND IN ELASTIC CT
fibroblasts and fibrocytes
41
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF ELASTIC CT
to allow stretch and recoil in tissues
42
WHERE CAN ELASTIC CT BE FOUND
walls of large arteries
| lungs
43
WHAT CELL PRODUCES ECM IN CARTILAGE
chondroblasts
44
DESCRIBE CARTILAGE AS A MATERIAL
tough but flexible
45
WHAT IS CARTILAGE MADE UP OF
extracellular matrix
chondrocytes
lacunae (small cavities containing chondrocytes)
46
WHAT DOES AVASCULAR MEAN
no blood is contained
47
CARTILAGE IS AVASCULAR, TRUE OR FALSE
TRUE
48
HOW DOES CARTILAGE GET NUTRIENTS
diffusion
49
WHAT CT LAYER EXTERNALLY COVERS CARTILAGE
perichondrium
50
GIVE AN EXAMPLE FOR WHERE HYALINE CARTILAGE CAN BE FOUND
Articular cartilage
51
GIVE AN EXAMPLE FOR WHERE FIBROCARTILAGE CAN BE FOUND
between vertebrae (intervertebral discs)
52
WHAT IS EPITHELIUM
is a sheet of cells which covers a body surface
53
GIVE AN EXAMPLE FOR WHERE ELASTIC CARTILAGE CAN BE FOUND
external auricle of the ear
54
WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF EPITHELIUM
- protects the body internal environment
| - regulate the exchange of materials between the internal and external environment
55
DESCRIBE THE APPEARANCE OF EPITHELIUM
- consist of one or more layers of connected epithelial cells
- Has a basement membrane - the boundary between epithelial tissue and CT
56
WHERE CAN EPITHELIUM BE FOUND
skin
| lining an organ cavity (GIT and glands)
57
IS EPITHELIUM HIGHY OR LOWLY REGENERATIVE
highly regenerative
58
WHY IS EPITHELIUM HIGHLY REGENERATIVE
due to damage
59
WHAT ARE THE 4 4 FUNCTIONS OF EPITHELIUM (PETS)
PROTECTION
EXCHANGE
TRANSPORTATION
SECRETION
60
A SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM WOULD REFERS TO
an single layered epithelium with flat cells
61
A SIMPLE CUBOIDAL EPITHELIUM WOULD REFER TO
a single layered epithelium with cells shaped like cubes
62
A SIMPLE RECTANGULAR EPITHELIUM WOULD REFER TO
a single layer of epithelial cells that are long and rectangular in shape
63
A STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM WOULD REFER TO
A multilayered epithelium with flat cells
64
A PSEUDOSTRATIFIED CILIATED COLUMNAR EPITHELIUM REFERS TO
an epithelium that appears multilayered, but actually is a single layer, and contains long cells with cilia on top.
65
WHAT ARE THE FEATURES THAT EPITHELIUM MAY HAVE ON THE SURFACE
cilia
microvilli
keratin
66
WHAT IS TEH MAIN FUNCTION OF MUSCLE TISSUE
create force to make movement
67
MUSCLE IS HIGHLY VASCULARISED TRUE OR FALSE
true
68
WHAT ARE THE THREE TYPES OF MUSCLE
skeletal
cardiac
smooth
69
WHAT ARE THE FOUR FUNCTIONAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MUSCLES
Excitability
contractility
extensibility
elasticity
70
WHAT IS THE 4 FUNCTIONS OF SKELETAL MUSCLE
produce movement
maintain posture and position
stabilise joints
create heat
71
DESCRIBE THE SHAPE OF MUSCLE CELLS
long and cylindrical
72
WHAT ARE THE THREE TYPES OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE SHEATHS AROUND MUSCLES CALLED
endomysium
perimysium
epimysium
73
WHAT DOES ENDOMYSIUM COVER
one muscle cell (muscle fibre)
74
WHAT DOES PERIMYSIUM COVER
fascicle (group of muscle fibres)
75
WHAT DOES EPIMYSIUM COVER
the whole muscle
76
WHAT ARE THE TWO WAYS MUSCLE CAN ATTACH TO BONE
via tendons
| via aponeurosis
77
WHAT IS APONEUROSIS
sheet like muscle attachments where the epimysium attached directly to the periosteum
78
WHAT ARE THE 4 MAIN TYPES OF MUSCLE SHAPE CLASSIFICATION
parallel, convergent, pennate, circular
79
WHAT ARE THE TWO SUBTYPES OF PARALLEL MUSCLES
strap (equal thickness throughout)
| Fusiform (expanded belly with tapered ends)
80
DESCRIBE THE SHAPE OF A CONVERGENT MUSCLE
fan like
81
WHAT ARE THE THREE SUBTYPES OF PENNATE MUSCLE
unipennate (one side of muscle attaches to a tendon)
bipennate (both sides of muscle attach to a tendon)
multipennate (looks like feathers)
82
DESCRIBE THE SHAPE OF A CIRCULAR MUSCLE
a ring of muscle
83
WHAT IS THE ROLE OF DEEP FASCIA IN RELATION TO MUSCLE COMPARTMENTS
to create an inter muscular septum and separate muscle compartments
84
WHAT ARE THE 3 ROLES OF DEEP FASCIA
- protection of muscles
- limiting spread of infection between muscle compartments
- forming retinacula to keep tendons and ligaments in place
85
WHAT DOES A MOTOR UNIT CONSIST OF
a single neuron and the muscle fibres it controls
86
WHAT ARE THE THREE TYPES OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION
concentric
eccentric
isometric
87
WHAT DOES A CONCENTRIC CONTRACTION RESULT IN
muscle shortening
88
WHAT DOES AN ECCENTRIC MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS RESULT IN
lengthening of muscle
89
WHAT DOES AN ISOMETRIC MUSCLES CONTRACTION RESULT IN
the length of the muscle not changing during the contraction
90
THROUGHOUT A MUSCLE CONTRACTION THERE ARE 4 ROLES OF MUSCLES, WHAT ARE THEY
agonist, antagonist, synergist, fixator
91
WHAT IS AN AGONIST MUSCLE
the muscle primarily responsible for the movement
92
WHAT IS AN ANTAGONIST MUSCLE
the muscle that opposes the movement
93
WHAT IS A SYNERGIST MUSCLE
a muscle which assist the prime mover by producing the same movement
94
WHAT IS A FIXATOR MUSCLE
a muscle which stabilises one part of the body during movement of another part
95
WHAT ARE MATURE MUSCLE CELLS CALLED
myocytes
96
IS THERE ECM IN MUSCLE TISSUE
NO
97
WHAT DOES MUSCLE TISSUE HAVE INSTEAD OF ECM
a small amount of extracellular fluid
98
IS SKELETAL MUSCLE STRIATED OR NON STRIATED
srtiated
99
IS CARDIAC MUSCLE STRIATED OT NON STRIATED
STRIATED
100
IS SMOOTH MUSCLE STRIATED OR NON STRIATED
NON STRIATED
101
ARE SKELETAL MUSCLES FIBRES BRANCHED OR NON BRANCHED
non branched
102
ARE CARDIAC MUSCLE FIBRES BRANCHED OR NON BRANCHED
branched
103
ARE SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS BRANCHED OR NON BRANCHED
non branched
104
ARE SKELETAL MUSCEL CONTRACTION VOLUNTARY OR INVOLUNTARY
VOLUNTARY
105
ARE CARDIAC MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS VOLUNTARY OR INVOLUNTARY
INVOLUNTARY
106
ARE SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS VOLUNTARY OR INVOLUNTARY
INVOLUNTARY
