tissues

Question 1

describe what is meant by tissues

Answer 1

a collection of cells containing a predominant cell type that work together and perform the same function

Question 2

4 basic tissue types

Answer 2

connective
epithelial
muscle
nervous

Question 3

characteristics of epithelial tissue

Answer 3

cell rich
cells bound tightly together
junctional complexes

Question 4

where are epithelial cells found

Answer 4

on the surface of skin, blood vessels, glands etc.
(lie on a basement membrane)

Question 5

functions of epithelial cells

Answer 5

protection
absorption
diffusion
secretion

Question 6

characteristics connective tissue

Answer 6

few cells
cells are far apart
spaces filled with fibres + ground substance +fluid (ECM)

Question 7

where is connective tissue found

Answer 7

in bone and blood

Question 8

function of connective tissue

Answer 8

connects and supports
ECM provides structural and functional properties

Question 9

characteristics of muscle tissue

Answer 9

elongated thin cells
cytoplasm packed with contractile apparatus

Question 10

function of muscle tissue

Answer 10

shortens lengths, closes down spaces

Question 11

types of muscle tissue

Answer 11

skeletal
smooth
cardiac muscle

Question 12

characteristics of nerve tissue

Answer 12

angular-shaped neurons with prominent nucleoli and communication processes

Question 13

where is nerve tissue found

Answer 13

cerebellum

Question 14

function of nerve tissue

Answer 14

receives, generates and transmits electrical signals
integrates information

Question 15

shape of surface layer of cells classification

Answer 15

squamous, cuboidal, collumnar

Question 16

number of layers classification

Answer 16

simple (one layer), stratified (multiple layers)

Question 17

cell surface specialisation classifications

Answer 17

cilia, villi, microvilli, keratin

Question 18

describe junctional complexes

Answer 18

junctions between epithelial cells which help keep them close together

Question 19

the function and origin of cilia

Answer 19

movement of particles in the respiratory system

Question 20

the function and origin of microvilli

Answer 20

increase area for absorption (brush border) found in the GI tract

Question 21

types of connective tissue

Answer 21

loose CT
dense CT
specialised CT

Question 22

types of loose CT

Answer 22

areolar
adipose

Question 23

describe areolar CT

Answer 23

an aggregation of loosely arranged fibres and many cells of differing types

Question 24

location of areolar CT

Answer 24

beneath epithelia that cover surfaces or line tubes/cavities

Question 25

function of areolar CT

Answer 25

site of defence against bacteria

Question 26

describe adipose tissue

Answer 26

specialised loose CT with abundant fat storing adipocytes

Question 27

characteristics of adipose tissue

Answer 27

single large droplet of lipid pushes nucleus to one side and flattens cytoplasm to a thin rim rich blood supply

Question 28

location of adipose tissue

Answer 28

in connective tissue under skin

Question 29

function of adipose tissue

Answer 29

insulation around organs for protection

Question 30

describe dense irregular connective tissue

Answer 30

thick collagen fibres that run in all directions include fibroblasts

Question 31

function of dense irregular CT

Answer 31

able to withstand tension exerted in many directions provides structural strength

Question 32

location of dense irregular CT

Answer 32

dermis of the skin submucosa of digestive tract fibrous capsules of organs and joints

Question 33

describe dense regular connective tissue

Answer 33

closely packed collagen fibres all running in the same direction poorly vascularized

Question 34

function of dense regular CT

Answer 34

attaches muscles to bones to muscles, bones to bones withstands great tensile stress when pulling force is applied in one direction

Question 35

location of dense regular CT

Answer 35

tendons and ligaments

Question 36

muscle types

Answer 36

skeletal muscle cardiac muscle smooth muscle

Question 37

characteristics of skeletal muscle

Answer 37

striated attaches to skeleton voluntary

Question 38

characteristics of cardiac muscle

Answer 38

striated branched found in heart involuntary

Question 39

smooth muscle

Answer 39

non striated found in organs involuntary

Question 40

4 regions of neurons

Answer 40

cell body dendrites axon terminals

Question 41

what are glands

Answer 41

derivatives of epithelium

Question 42

describe exocrine

Answer 42

remain in contact with epithelium by ducts

Question 43

where do exocrine glands secrete

Answer 43

into lumen of tubes

Question 44

describe endocrine

Answer 44

loose contact with epithelium

Question 45

where does endocrine glands secrete

Answer 45

into blood vessels

Question 46

unicellular gland

Answer 46

goblet cells

Question 47

multicellular gland

Answer 47

acini

Question 48

shapes of exocrine glands

Answer 48

tubular acinar tubuloacinar

Question 49

mucous secreting exocrine glands

Answer 49

pale staining e.g mucous glands of trachea

Question 50

serous secreting glands

Answer 50

dark staining exocrine part of pancreas

Question 51

mechanisms of exocrine secretion

Answer 51

merocrine secretion e.g sweat apocrine secretion e.g mammary holocrine secretion e.g sebaceous

Question 52

function of myoepithelial cells

Answer 52

contractile function - they help in expelling secretions from the lumen of gland secretory units (acini)