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Anatomy Term 1 > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Four key points of EPITHELIAL tissue

A
  • CELL RICH; cells bound tightly together forming junctions complexes
  • covers surfaces
  • forms glands - secretions
  • separates compartments
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2
Q

What are the spaces between cells filled with in CONNECTIVE tissue

A

EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX = fibres + ground substances + fluid

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3
Q

What is the purpose of CONNECTIVE tissue

A

Connect and support

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4
Q

What is the purpose of the ECM in CONNECTIVE tissue

A

ECM defines STRUCTURE and FUNCTION

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5
Q

Name the 4 types of tissues

A

EPITHELIAL
- eg skin, glands, blood vessels

CONNECTIVE
- eg blood, bone, adipose

MUSCLE
- eg cardiac, smooth, skeletal

NERVE
- eg neurons, cerebellum

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6
Q

Describe MUSCLE tissue

A
  • Elongated thin cells
  • Contractile
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7
Q

How do MUSCLE tissue contract?

A

Cytoplasm packed with contractile apparatus

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8
Q

What is the purpose of NERVE tissue

A

Communication
- receives, generates and transmits electrical signals
- integrates information

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9
Q

How does epithelial tissue maintain coverage of surfaces

A

No contact inhibition
Cell-cell junctions
Cell-ECM junctions

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10
Q

What are the different types of cell to cell junctions?

A

TIGHT - seals intracellular space
GAP - cell to cell communication
DESMOSOMES - firm Anchorage

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11
Q

What is the basement membrane made up of?

A

Basal lamina + Reticular lamina

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12
Q

What are cell to ECM junctions connected by?

A

Hemidesmosomes

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13
Q

Give examples of specialisation of epithelial cells

A

CILIA:
Movement especially in trachea

VILLUS/MICROVILLI:
microfilaments support

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14
Q

What type of epithelial is only found in the urinary tract?

A

Transitional epithelial (urothelium)

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15
Q

Are glands single celled or multicellular?

A

Both

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16
Q

What are the two types of GLANDS

A

Exocrine (secrete into tubes) - attached to surface
Endocrine (secrete into blood) - detached from surface

17
Q

What are the different shapes of EXOCRINE glands

A

Simple tubular
Simple acinar
Compound tubular
Compound acinar

TUBULOACINAR (which is a compound exocrine gland)

18
Q

What are the two types of EXOCRINE glands?

A

MUCOUS glands
- secretion rich in proteoglycans
- secretion + water = mucus

SEROUS glands
- watery, enzymes
- protein rich secretions

19
Q

What are the 3 methods of EXOCRINE secretion?

A

Merocrine (gland remains whole)
Apocrine (secretion pinched off)
Holocrine (whole gland becomes secretion)

20
Q

What the name of ENDOCRINE glands secretions

A

Proteinaceous secretion

21
Q

What are the 5 types of abnormal function of epithelial cells?

A
  • over proliferation
  • under proliferation
  • over secretion
  • under secretion
  • loss of cilia/ciliary beat
22
Q

What are the 9 types of connective tissue

A
  • blood/bone marrow
  • mucous
  • reticular
  • loose
  • dense - regular
  • dense - irregular
  • cartilage
  • bone
  • adipose (fat)
23
Q

What are the two main types of fibres in CONNECTIVE tissue?

A

Collagen (inelastic but flexible)
- (reticulin)

Elastic (sheets rather than fibres)

24
Q

What is collagen formed by?

A

Fibroblasts

25
Q

What are the 5 types of permanent (fixed) cells in LOOSE CONNECTIVE tissue?

A
  • fibroblasts
  • macrophages
  • adipocytes
  • mast cells
  • undifferentiated mesenchyme cells
26
Q

What other cells are in LOOSE CONNECTIVE tissue?

A

Transient cells
- white blood cells

27
Q

What is the function of SIMPLE epithelium?

A

Absorption, secretion, filtration

28
Q

What is the function of STRATIFIED epithelium?

A

Protective
Secretory - glands

29
Q

What is the function of PSEUDOSTRATIFIED COLUMNAR epithelium?

A

Secretion, movement

30
Q

What is the function of TRANSITIONAL epithelium?

A

Permeability barrier
Stretchability

Anatomy Term 1 (16 decks)

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