Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What are the four major types of tissues?

A

Epithelial, Connective, Muscle and Nervous

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2
Q

What is the main roles of epithelial tissue?

A

to form protective barrier and to function in secretion and absorption

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3
Q

describe the cell of a squamous tissue

A

thin and flat

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4
Q

describe the cell of a cuboidal tissue

A

a cube like shape

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5
Q

describe the cell of a columnar tissue

A

longer than wider, may have multiple nulcei

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6
Q

what is the free or open surface of the epithelial called

A

apical surface

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7
Q

the bottom of epithelial tissue is typically anchored to what?

A

connective tissue

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8
Q

What is the layer which connects epithelial tissue to connective tissue?

A

the basement membrane

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9
Q

describe the basement membrane

A

thin nonliving layer

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10
Q

what does the term “stratified” indicate?

A

that the epithelial tissues are composed of layers

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11
Q

How are epithelial tissues classified?

A

in terms of cell shape and number of layers in the tissue

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12
Q

describe simple squamous epithelium

A

a single thin flat layer of tissue, allows for some substances to pass through

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13
Q

Where would one find simple squamous epithelium?

A

lining the aveoli, lining blood cappilaries, lining blood and lymph vessels, covering membranes that line body cavity.

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14
Q

what is the function of simple squamous tissue?

A

to control diffusion, osmosis and filtration

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15
Q

describe simple cuboidal epithelium

A

a single layer of cuboid shaped cells

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16
Q

Where would you find simple cuboidal epithelium

A

Covering the ovaries and lines most of the kidney tubules and the ducts of certain glands

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17
Q

what is a function of simple cuboidal epithelium?

A

In the kidneys, this tissue functions in secretion and absorption; in glands, it secretes glandular products

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18
Q

describe simple columnar epithelium

A

Are longer than they are wide, Composed of a single layer of cells, Can be ciliated or non-ciliated

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19
Q

where is simple columnar epithelium found?

A

Found in uterus, portions of digestive tract, stomach and the small and large intestines

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20
Q

what is the function of simple columnar epithelium?

A

Secretes digestive fluids and mucus onto the free surfaces of tissue

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21
Q

describe pseudostratified columnar epithelium

A

Appear to be layered, or stratified but are not. Instead, the nuclei lie at two or more levels in the row of aligned cells, often contain goblet cells

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22
Q

what is the function of pseudostratified epithelium?

A

these secrete mucus while the cilia sweep dust and microorganisms away

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23
Q

where is pseudostratified epithelium found?

A

Lining the passages of the respiratory system

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24
Q

describe stratified squamous epithelium

A

made of thin flat cells that are layered the many cell layers that make this tissue relatively thick

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25
Q

where is stratified squamous epithelium found?

A

forms the outer layer of the skin, Lines the oral cavity, esophagus, vagina, and anal canal

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26
Q

describe stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

two or three layers of cuboidal cells

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27
Q

where is stratified cuboidal epithelim found?

A

Lines the larger ducts of the mammary glands, sweat glands, salivary glands, and pancreas

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28
Q

describe stratified columnar epithelium

A

Consists of several layers of cells, Superficial cells are columnar, whereas the basal layers consist of cuboidal cells

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29
Q

where are stratified columnar epithelium found?

A

Found in the male urethra and parts of the pharanx

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30
Q

What is the function of glandular epithelium?

A

to produce and secrete substances into ducts or into body fluids

31
Q

Glands that secrete their products into ducts that open onto surfaces, such as the skin or the lining of the digestive tract, are called

A

excocrine glands

32
Q

Glands that secrete their products into tissue fluid or blood are called

A

endocrine glands

33
Q

What are the three main cell types of connective tissue?

A

fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells

34
Q

Most common type of fixed cell (resides in the tissue for an extended period of time) in connective tissue are

A

fibroblasts

35
Q

What is the structure and function of fibroblasts?

A

Large, star shaped cells produce fibers by secreting proteins into the extracellular matrix of connective tissue

36
Q

Originate as white blood cells and are almost as numerous as fibroblasts in some connective tissues

A

Macrophages

37
Q

what is the function of macrophages

A

function as scavengers and defensive cells that clear foreign particles from tissues

38
Q

what is the function of mast cells?

A

Mast cells release heparin, which prevents blood clotting, and histamine, which promotes some of the reactions associated with inflammation and allergies.

39
Q

what are the three fibers of connective tissue?

A

collegenous, elastic, reticular

40
Q

describe collogenous fibers

A

Are thick threads of the protein collagen, Grouped in long parallel bundles, and are flexible but only slightly elastic, but they have great tensile strength

41
Q

where would you find collegenous fibers

A

primarily in tendons and ligaments

42
Q

describe elastic fibers

A

Composed of a spring like protein called elastin, These fibers branch forming a complex network, Weaker than collagenous fibers

43
Q

the vocal chords are made of what type of connective fibers?

44
Q

describe reticular fibers

A

Thin collagenous fibers Highly branched and form delicate supporting networks

45
Q

name one place where reticular fibers would be found

A

the spleen

46
Q

what is a reason as to why older people may have wrinkles or saggy skin?

A

the sun decreasing its elasticity

47
Q

What are three types of loose connective tissue?

A

Areolar, adipose and reticular

48
Q

binds the skin to underlying organs and fills spaces between muscles.

A

Areolar tissue

49
Q

cushions joints and some organs (such as the kidneys), and it also insulates beneath the skin and it stores energy in fat molecules

A

adipose tissue

50
Q

helps provide the framework of certain internal organs, such as the liver and spleen.

A

reticular tissue

51
Q

describe dense connective tissue

A

Often binds body parts in the form of tendons and ligaments. Blood supply to dense connective tissue is poor, slowing tissue repair.

52
Q

found on the ends of bones in many joints, soft part of the nose and the supporting rings of the respiratory passages

A

hyaline cartilage

53
Q

provides the framework for the external ears and for parts of the larynx.

A

elastic cartilage

54
Q

is a shock absorber for structures that are subjected to pressure. For example, intervertebral discs, also cushions bones in the knees and the pelvic girdle.

A

fibrocartilage

55
Q

what is the most rigid connective tissue?

56
Q

What is the function of Bone?

A

Protects vital organs such as the brain, heart and lungs, Acts as an attachment site for muscles, Red marrow forms blood cells, Stores and releases calcium and phosphorus

57
Q

form in red marrow within the hollow parts of certain long bones

A

Red blood cells

58
Q

the function of red blood cells is

A

Transports material between interior body cells and those that exchange substances with the external environment.

59
Q

what type of muscle tissue is voluntary?

60
Q

Found in the muscles that usually attach to bones

A

skeletal muscle

61
Q

what causes a skeletal muscle to contract

A

stimulation from a nerve cell

62
Q

where is smooth muscle found

A

Composes the walls of hollow internal organs, such as the stomach, intestine, urinary bladder, uterus, and blood vessels.

63
Q

what is the function of smooth muscle?

A

moves food through the digestive tract, constricts blood vessels, and empties the urinary bladder.

64
Q

Only found in the heart. Controlled involuntarily. Pumps blood through the heart chambers and into blood vessels.

A

Cardiac muscle

65
Q

Found in the brain, spinal cord, and

peripheral nerves. Basic cells called neurons.

A

Nervous tissue

66
Q

what is the function of nervous tissue?

A

Transmit electrical impulses along the cellular processes called “axons.” They coordinate, regulate, and integrate many body functions.

67
Q

line joint cavities, only consist of connective tissue

A

synovial membrane

68
Q

what is the basic structure of most membranes?

A

a layer of epithelial tissue bound to an underlying layer of connective tissue

69
Q

what membrane makes up your skin?

A

the cutaneous membrane

70
Q

describe the cutaneous membrane

A

consists of stratified squamous epithelium attached to a thick layer of dense irregular connective tissue. Exposed to the air and is dry

71
Q

line body cavities that open to the exterior such as hollow organs of the digestive, respiratory and urogenital tracts these are moist and bathed by secretions

A

mucous membrane

72
Q

moist membranes found in closed ventral body cavities. consist of simple squamous epithelium and loose connective tissue

A

Serous membrane

73
Q

the function of mucous membrane

A

often adapted for absorption and secretion

most secrete mucous, though the urinary muscousa does not.