Tissues

Question 1

What are the four major organs of a plant?

Answer 1

Roots, stems, leaves, and sometimes flowers

Question 2

Meristems

Answer 2

regions of growth where cells actively divide.

Question 3

Apical Meristem

Answer 3

meristematic tissue near the tips of roots and shoots. Increases the length of these. leaves and buds also develop from this meristem.

Question 4

Primary meristems

Answer 4

Protoderm, ground meristem, and procambium.

Question 5

Lateral Meristems

Answer 5

Tissues that increase the girth of roots and stems. Consist of vascular cambium and cork cambium

Question 6

Vascular Cambium

Answer 6

Produces secondary tissues that function in support and conduction( of water and minerals). extends throughout the length of roots and stems. produces secondary tissues.

Question 7

Cork Cambium

Answer 7

produces the outer bark. runs length of roots and stems. produces secondary tissues

Question 8

Secondary Tissues

Answer 8

Tissues produced after primary tissues have matures.

Question 9

Intercalary Meristems

Answer 9

present in grass and related plants. develop along the stem and add to stem length.

Question 10

Nodes

Answer 10

leaf attachment areas.

Question 11

Parenchyma

Answer 11

most abundant cell type found in most major parts of plants. Alive at maturation. Only has a primary cell wall. have spaces between cells(intercellular spaces). food storage and metabolism

Question 12

Chlorenchyma

Answer 12

Parenchyma with chloroplasts

Question 13

Collenchyma

Answer 13

have a living cytoplasm with cell walls that are thicker than parenchyma cells. flexible support

Question 14

Sclerenchyma

Answer 14

Dead at maturation. Have secondary cell walls impregnated with lignin. functions in support. two types: fibers and sclereids.

Question 15

Sclereids

Answer 15

Sclerenchyma that are usually randomly dispersed throughout other tissues.

Question 16

Fibers

Answer 16

much longer than they are wide. have a tiny cavity(lumen) in cente of cell.

Question 17

Xylem

Answer 17

chief “plumbing” and storage system. conducts water and minerals. consists of vessel and tracheids, parenchyma, fibers, and ray cells.

Question 18

Tracheids

Answer 18

dead at maturity . thick secondary walls. tapered at the ends. have pits which allow water to pass from cell to cell.

Question 19

Vessels

Answer 19

consist of vessel elements. long tubes open at each end.

Question 20

Phloem

Answer 20

conducts dissolved food materials throughout the plant. composed of sieve tube members and companion cells, parenchyma, fibers and ray cells.

Question 21

Sieve Tube Members

Answer 21

laid end to end. no openings. sieve plates allow passage from cell to cell. form a close relationship with nearby companion cells.

Question 22

Companion Cells

Answer 22

aid sieve tube members in conducting food.

Question 23

Epidermis

Answer 23

outer most layer of cells in all young plants. covered with cutin

Question 24

Cutin

Answer 24

fatty substance covering outer walls of epidermal cells. forms a protective layer known as the cuticle.

Question 25

Stomata

Answer 25

small pores on the epidermis. bordered by guard cells.

Question 26

Guard Cells

Answer 26

Specialized epidermal cells.

Question 27

Periderm

Answer 27

in woody plants the epidermis is sloughed off and replaced by the periderm. composed of cork cells.