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Bio 241 > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

Tissues

A

groups of similar cells and extracellular material, with a common function

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2
Q

Epithelium

A

-Composed of one or more layers of closely packed cells -Contains little or no extracellular matrix -Covers body surfaces -Lines body cavities -Forms majority of glands

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3
Q

Characteristics of Epithelium

A

-Tightly packed cells -Polarity -Apical surface -Basal Surface -Attachment to basement membrane (lamina lucida, lamina densa, reticular lamina) -Avascularity -Extensive innervation -High regeneration capacity

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4
Q

Functions of Epithelium

A

-Physical protection -Selective permeability -Secretions -Sensations

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5
Q

Simple epithelium

A

-One cell layer thick -All cells in direct contact w/ basement membrane -Filtration, absorption, secretion

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6
Q

Stratified epithelium

A

Two or more layers of epithelial cells

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7
Q

Simple squamous epithelium

A

-Single layer of flat cells -Allows rapid movement of molecules across surface

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8
Q

Alveoli

A

Lines air sacs of lungs (simple squamous)

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9
Q

Endothelium

A

Lines blood and lumph vessel walls (simple squamous)

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10
Q

Mesothelium

A

Serous membrane of cavities (simple squamous)

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11
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium

A

-Designed for absorption and secretion -Walls of kidney tubules -Secretory regions/ducts of most glands

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12
Q

Simple columnar epithelium

A

-Taller than they are wide -Secretory & absorptive functions -Two forms: ciliated and nonciliated

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13
Q

Nonciliated simple columnar

A

-Contains microvilli -Unicellular glands; Goblet cells-secrete glycoprotein mucin -Lines most of digestive tract from stomach to anal canal

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14
Q

Ciliated simple columnar

A

-Cilia project from apical surface -move mucus along -goblet cells interspersed -lines bronchioles -lines uterine tubes -helps move oocyte from ovary to uterus

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15
Q

Pseudostratified columnar

A

-appears as multiple cell layers -not really stratified -all cells in direct contact with basement membrane -nuclei scattered at different distances

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16
Q

Stratified squamous

A

-Multiple cell layers -Only deepest in direct contact w/ basement membrane -Keratinized & nonkeratinized forms

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17
Q

Stratified squamous keratinized

A

-Superficial layers of dead cells -Cells lack nuclei, filled with keratin -Cells in basal region migrate towards apical surface, fill with keratin and die -Found in epidermis

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18
Q

Stratified squamous nonkeratinized

A

-All cells alive -Kept moist w/ secretions -Lack keratin, protective protein -Microscopically visible cell nuclei -Lines oral cavity -Lines part of pharynx -Lines esophagus -Lines vagina -Lines anus

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19
Q

Transitional epithelium

A

-Limited to urinary tract -In relaxed state; basal cells cuboidal or polyhedral; apical cells large and rounded -In stretched state; apical cells flattened -Binucleated cells

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20
Q

Endocrine glands

A

-Lack ducts -secrete hormones into blood -chemical messengers that influence cell activity elsewhere

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21
Q

Exocrine glands

A

-Invaginated epithelium in connective tissue -connected w/ epithelial surface by duct -Epithelium lined tube for gland secretion -Sweat glands, mammary glands, salivary glands

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22
Q

Characteristics of connective tissue

A

-Cells -Protein fibers -Ground substance

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23
Q

Connective tissue components

A

-Extracellular matrix -Protein fibers; strengthen and support tissue; collagen, reticular,, elastic -Ground substance; noncellular material produced by CT cells; consistency: viscous (e.g. blood); semisolid (e.g. cartilage); solid (e.g. bone)

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24
Q

Connective tissue

A

-Most diverse, abundant, and widely distributed tissue -Supports, protects, and binds organs -Cells, protein fibers, and ground substance -Tendons, ligaments, adipose tissue, cartilage, bone, blood

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25
Ground substance
-Glucosaminoglycans (GAGs) -Carbohydrate building blocks, some with attached amines -Negatively charged and hydrophilic -Charge attacts cations, water follows -Types; chondroitin sulfate, heparin sulfate, hyaluronic acid
26
Functions of Connective tissue
-Physical protection -Support and structural framework -Binding structures -Storage -Transport -Immune protection
27
Loose CT
-Areolar -Adipose -Reticular
28
Dense CT
-Dense regular -Dense irregular -Elastic
29
Supporting CT
-Cartilage -Bone
30
Cartilage
-Chondrocytes (mature cells), occupy lacunae -Surrounded by a dense irregular CT covering
31
Perichondrium
Three Types -Hyaline cartilage -Fibrocartilage -Elastic cartilage
32
Bone
Types -Compact -Spongy Functions -Levers for movement -Supports tissues -Protects vital organs -Stores minerals, eg. calcium & phosphorus -Houses hemopoietic cells, which make blood cells
33
Fluid CT
Types -Blood -Lymph
34
Blood
-Liquid ground substance is called plasma -Dissolved proteins -Transports nutrients, wastes, hormones
35
Lymph
-Derived from blood plasma -No cellular components or fragments -Ultimately return to bloodstream
36
Skeletal muscle tissue
-Voluntary movement -Striated -Multinucleated
37
Cardiac muscle tissue
-Involuntary movement -Visible striations, one or two nuclei -Connected by intercalated discs
38
Smooth muscle tissue
-Involuntary movement -Lacks striations, appears smooth -Found in walls of intestines, stomach, airways, bladder, uterus, blood vessels
39
Nervous tissue
Located in brain, spinal cord, nerves Cells called neurons Receive, transmit, and process nerve impulses Large number of glial cells Glial cells do not transmit nerve impulses Instead, are responsible for protection, nourishment and support of neurons
40
Body membranes
-Formed from epithelial layer bound to underlying CT -Line body cavities -Cover viscera -Cover body's external surface Four Types -Mucous -Serous -Cutaneous -Synovial
41
Mucosa
-Lines compartments that open to external environment -Includes: digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts -Performs absorptive, protective, and secretory functions -Epithelium & underlying CT -CT component = lamina propria -Covered w/ layer of mucous derived from goblet cells, multicellular glands, or both
42
Serous membrane
-Lines body cavities that do not open to external environment -Simple squamous epithelium (MESOTHELIUM) -Produces thin, watery serous fluid -Reduces friction between opposing surfaces -Forms parietal and visceral layers -Serous cavity is in between
43
Cutaneous membrane
-Skin -Covers external surface of body -Composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, underlying CT -Protects Internal organs and prevents water loss
44
Synovial membrane
-Lines some joints in the body -Composed of areolar CT, covered by squamous cells lacking basement membrane -Epithelial cells secrete synovial fluid -Reduces friction among moving bone parts -Distributes nutrients to cartilage
45
# Description groups of similar cells and extracellular material, with a common function
Tissues
46
# Description -Composed of one or more layers of closely packed cells -Contains little or no extracellular matrix -Covers body surfaces -Lines body cavities -Forms majority of glands
Epithelium
47
# Description -Tightly packed cells -Polarity -Apical surface -Basal Surface -Attachment to basement membrane (lamina lucida, lamina densa, reticular lamina) -Avascularity -Extensive innervation -High regeneration capacity
Characteristics of Epithelium
48
# Description -Physical protection -Selective permeability -Secretions -Sensations
Functions of Epithelium
49
# Description -One cell layer thick -All cells in direct contact w/ basement membrane -Filtration, absorption, secretion
Simple epithelium
50
# Description Two or more layers of epithelial cells
Stratified epithelium
51
# Description -Single layer of flat cells -Allows rapid movement of molecules across surface
Simple squamous epithelium
52
# Description Lines air sacs of lungs (simple squamous)
Alveoli
53
# Description Lines blood and lumph vessel walls (simple squamous)
Endothelium
54
# Description Serous membrane of cavities (simple squamous)
Mesothelium
55
# Description -Designed for absorption and secretion -Walls of kidney tubules -Secretory regions/ducts of most glands
Simple cuboidal epithelium
56
# Description -Taller than they are wide -Secretory & absorptive functions -Two forms: ciliated and nonciliated
Simple columnar epithelium
57
# Description -Contains microvilli -Unicellular glands; Goblet cells-secrete glycoprotein mucin -Lines most of digestive tract from stomach to anal canal
Nonciliated simple columnar
58
# Description -Cilia project from apical surface -move mucus along -goblet cells interspersed -lines bronchioles -lines uterine tubes -helps move oocyte from ovary to uterus
Ciliated simple columnar
59
# Description -appears as multiple cell layers -not really stratified -all cells in direct contact with basement membrane -nuclei scattered at different distances
Pseudostratified columnar
60
# Description -Multiple cell layers -Only deepest in direct contact w/ basement membrane -Keratinized & nonkeratinized forms
Stratified squamous
61
# Description -Superficial layers of dead cells -Cells lack nuclei, filled with keratin -Cells in basal region migrate towards apical surface, fill with keratin and die -Found in epidermis
Stratified squamous keratinized
62
# Description -All cells alive -Kept moist w/ secretions -Lack keratin, protective protein -Microscopically visible cell nuclei -Lines oral cavity -Lines part of pharynx -Lines esophagus -Lines vagina -Lines anus
Stratified squamous nonkeratinized
63
# Description -Limited to urinary tract -In relaxed state; basal cells cuboidal or polyhedral; apical cells large and rounded -In stretched state; apical cells flattened -Binucleated cells
Transitional epithelium
64
# Description -Lack ducts -secrete hormones into blood -chemical messengers that influence cell activity elsewhere
Endocrine glands
65
# Description -Invaginated epithelium in connective tissue -connected w/ epithelial surface by duct -Epithelium lined tube for gland secretion -Sweat glands, mammary glands, salivary glands
Exocrine glands
66
# Description -Cells -Protein fibers -Ground substance
Characteristics of connective tissue
67
# Description -Extracellular matrix -Protein fibers; strengthen and support tissue; collagen, reticular,, elastic -Ground substance; noncellular material produced by CT cells; consistency: viscous (e.g. blood); semisolid (e.g. cartilage); solid (e.g. bone)
Connective tissue components
68
# Description -Most diverse, abundant, and widely distributed tissue -Supports, protects, and binds organs -Cells, protein fibers, and ground substance -Tendons, ligaments, adipose tissue, cartilage, bone, blood
Connective tissue
69
# Description -Glucosaminoglycans (GAGs) -Carbohydrate building blocks, some with attached amines -Negatively charged and hydrophilic -Charge attacts cations, water follows -Types; chondroitin sulfate, heparin sulfate, hyaluronic acid
Ground substance
70
# Description -Physical protection -Support and structural framework -Binding structures -Storage -Transport -Immune protection
Functions of Connective tissue
71
# Description -Areolar -Adipose -Reticular
Loose CT
72
# Description -Dense regular -Dense irregular -Elastic
Dense CT
73
# Description -Cartilage -Bone
Supporting CT
74
# Description -Chondrocytes (mature cells), occupy lacunae -Surrounded by a dense irregular CT covering
Cartilage
75
# Description Three Types -Hyaline cartilage -Fibrocartilage -Elastic cartilage
Perichondrium
76
# Description Types -Compact -Spongy Functions -Levers for movement -Supports tissues -Protects vital organs -Stores minerals, eg. calcium & phosphorus -Houses hemopoietic cells, which make blood cells
Bone
77
# Description Types -Blood -Lymph
Fluid CT
78
# Description -Liquid ground substance is called plasma -Dissolved proteins -Transports nutrients, wastes, hormones
Blood
79
# Description -Derived from blood plasma -No cellular components or fragments -Ultimately return to bloodstream
Lymph
80
# Description -Voluntary movement -Striated -Multinucleated
Skeletal muscle tissue
81
# Description -Involuntary movement -Visible striations, one or two nuclei -Connected by intercalated discs
Cardiac muscle tissue
82
# Description -Involuntary movement -Lacks striations, appears smooth -Found in walls of intestines, stomach, airways, bladder, uterus, blood vessels
Smooth muscle tissue
83
# Description Located in brain, spinal cord, nerves Cells called neurons Receive, transmit, and process nerve impulses Large number of glial cells Glial cells do not transmit nerve impulses Instead, are responsible for protection, nourishment and support of neurons
Nervous tissue
84
# Description -Formed from epithelial layer bound to underlying CT -Line body cavities -Cover viscera -Cover body's external surface Four Types -Mucous -Serous -Cutaneous -Synovial
Body membranes
85
# Description -Lines compartments that open to external environment -Includes: digestive, respiratory, urinary, and reproductive tracts -Performs absorptive, protective, and secretory functions -Epithelium & underlying CT -CT component = lamina propria -Covered w/ layer of mucous derived from goblet cells, multicellular glands, or both
Mucosa
86
# Description -Lines body cavities that do not open to external environment -Simple squamous epithelium (MESOTHELIUM) -Produces thin, watery serous fluid -Reduces friction between opposing surfaces -Forms parietal and visceral layers -Serous cavity is in between
Serous membrane
87
# Description -Skin -Covers external surface of body -Composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium, underlying CT -Protects Internal organs and prevents water loss
Cutaneous membrane
88
# Description -Lines some joints in the body -Composed of areolar CT, covered by squamous cells lacking basement membrane -Epithelial cells secrete synovial fluid -Reduces friction among moving bone parts -Distributes nutrients to cartilage
Synovial membrane

Bio 241 (10 decks)

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