Tissues

Question 1

What are the four basic types of tissue?

Answer 1

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

Question 2

What connect adjacent cells mechanically at the cell membranes or through cytoskeletal elements within and between cells?

Answer 2

Intracellular Junctions

Question 3

Keep a leakproof seal in organs like the stomach and bladder

Answer 3

Tight junctions

Question 4

Makes an adhesion belt that keeps tissues from separating as they stretch and contract.

Answer 4

Adherens Junctions

Question 5

What is a cadherin?

Answer 5

transmembrane proteins

Question 6

Where do cadherin attach?

Answer 6

the plaque

Question 7

Where does the plaque attach in an adheren junction?

Answer 7

microfilaments

Question 8

Has an adhesion belt

Answer 8

Adherens junction

Question 9

Where does the plaque attach on desmosome junctions?

Answer 9

intermediate filaments

Question 10

What anchors an epithelial cell to the basement of membrane?

Answer 10

Hemidesmosome

Question 11

What part of the Hemidesmosome attach to the basement membrane?

Answer 11

Transmembrane glycoproteins

Question 12

In gap junctions, what are the transmembrane proteins that form channel?

Answer 12

Connexins

Question 13

What do the connexins in gap junctions do?

Answer 13

attach to each to form a continuity between the cytosols of adjacent cells for transfer of nutrients, cell signals, and perhaps wastes

Question 14

What is important about gap junctions?

Answer 14

Ions can pass from one cell to the next, carrying electrical signals.
Important in conducting action potentials in the heart

Question 15

What do epithelial tissues cover?

Answer 15

body surfaces and form glands and line hollow organs.

Question 16

What do connective tissues do?

Answer 16

Protect, support, and bind organs.

Question 17

What are types of connective tissues?

Answer 17

Fat, red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets.

Question 18

Epithelium is good at _____ things like mucous, hormones, and other substances.

Answer 18

secreting

Question 19

What do the basal lamina and the reticular lamina form?

Answer 19

non-cellular basement membrane on which the epithelium sits.

Question 20

The basal layer of the epithelium secretes a?

Answer 20

Basal lamina

Question 21

The underlying connective tissue of the epithelium secretes?

Answer 21

a recticular lamina

Question 22

What are the functions of epithelial tissue?

Answer 22

Protection
Filtration
Secretion
Absorption 
Excretion

Question 23

What are the intracellular junctions talked about in class

Answer 23

Tight junctions 
Adherens Junctions 
Desmosomes 
Hemidesmosomes 
Gap Junctions

Question 24

What are three epithelial cell layer arrangments?

Answer 24

simple
pseudostratified
stratified

Question 25

What are the cell shapes of the epithelial tissue?

Answer 25

Squamous Cuboidal Columnar

Question 26

Type of epithelia | Flat, wide "paving stone" cells

Answer 26

Squamous

Question 27

Type of epithelia | Cells as tall as they are wide

Answer 27

Cuboidal

Question 28

Type of epithelia | Cells taller than they are wide

Answer 28

Columnar

Question 29

Type of epithelia arrangement | One layer, all cells are in contact with basement membrane

Answer 29

Simple

Question 30

Type of epithelia arrangement | Appears to have layers, but in reality all cells go from the apex to the base

Answer 30

Pseudostratified

Question 31

Type of epithelia arrangement | Two or more layers. Only basal layer in contact with basement membrane

Answer 31

Stratified

Question 32

Composed of a single layer of flat cells

Answer 32

Simple squamous epithelium

Question 33

Found in the air sacs of lungs, lining of blood vessels, the heart, and lymphatic vessels

Answer 33

Simple Squamous epithelium

Question 34

Found in all capillaries, including those of the kidney, and is a major part of the serous membrane

Answer 34

Simple Squamous epithelium

Question 35

Composed of a single layer of cube shaped cells.

Answer 35

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Question 36

Often found lining the tubules of the kidneys and many other glands

Answer 36

Simple Cuboidal Epithelium

Question 37

Forms a single layer of column- like cells, cilia, microvilli, mucous (goblet cells)

Answer 37

Simple Columnar Epithelium

Question 38

What are goblet cells?

Answer 38

simple columnar cells that have differentiated to acquire the ability to secrete mucous

Question 39

Appears to have layers, but in reality all cells are attached to the basement membrane in a single layer. Some do not extend to the apical surface.

Answer 39

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Question 40

Ciliated tissue has goblet cells that secrete mucous

Answer 40

Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium

Question 41

Cells at or nearer to the base may have different shape from those at the surface.

Answer 41

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 42

Can be keratinized or non-keratinized

Answer 42

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 43

has apical surface made up of two or more layers of cube-shaped cells

Answer 43

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

Question 44

Locations of this type of epithelium include the ducts of sweat glands and esophageal glands.

Answer 44

Stratified Cuboidal Epithelium

Question 45

Very rare, and hardly worth mentioning

Answer 45

Stratified Columnar Epithelium

Question 46

Change shape depending on the state of stretch in the tissue.

Answer 46

Transitional Epithelium

Question 47

The apical "dome cells" of the top layer are an identifiable feature and signify an empty bladder. Flattened in a full bladder

Answer 47

Transitional Epithelium

Question 48

Prominent feature of the outer layers of the skin

Answer 48

Stratified squamous

Question 49

Makes up epithelial membranes and lines the blood vessels

Answer 49

Simple Squamous

Question 50

Common in the digestive tract

Answer 50

Columnar

Question 51

Characteristic of the upper respiratory tract

Answer 51

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar

Question 52

Found in the bladder

Answer 52

Transitional

Question 53

Lines ducts and sweat glands

Answer 53

Cuboidal

Question 54

Found in serous membranes such as the pericardium, pleura, and peritoneum.

Answer 54

Mesothelium

Question 55

Specialized simple squamous epithelium that lines the entire circulatory system from the heart to the smallest capillary

Answer 55

Endothelium

Question 56

Extremely important in reducing turbulence of flow of blood

Answer 56

Endothelium