Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ANPH1130 - Anatomy and Physiology > Tissues > Flashcards

Tissues Flashcards

1
Q

What’s a tissue?

A

Group of cells that have a common origin and function together to carry-out specialized activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the 4 types of tissues?

A
  1. Epithelial
  2. Connective
  3. Muscle
  4. Nervous
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 2 types of epithelia?

A
  1. Covering and lining
    - Forms outer covering of skin
    - Lines inside of respiratory, digestive, urinary and reproductive systems
  2. Glandular
    - Secreting portion of glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Name some general characteristic of epithelial tissue?

A
  • Closely packed cells
  • Cells form sheets and attach to a basement membrane
  • Single or multiple cells
  • Nerve supply
  • Avascular
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are some functions of epithelial tissue?

A
  • Protection
  • Lubrication
  • Secretion
  • Absorption
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the 2 characteristics that classify epithelial tissue?

A
  1. Arrangement of cells into layers

2. Shape of cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the 3 different arrangements of layers?

A
  • Simple
  • Pseudostratified
  • Stratified
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe the simple cell arrangement

A
  • Single layer

Functions in:

  • Diffusion
  • Osmosis
  • Secretion
  • Absorption
  • Filtration

Found in:

  • Lining of alveoli (air sacs)
  • Kidneys
  • Blood vessels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the pseudo stratified cell arrangement

A
  • Appears to have multiple layers of cells

- In reality, it’s a simple/single layer epithelium because all cells rest on a basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the stratified cell arrangement

A
  • 2 or more layers of cells
  • Protect underlying tissue
  • Present in areas of considerable wear and tear

Found in:

  • Salivary glands
  • Gums
  • Back of tongue
  • Hard palate
  • Esophagus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 3 cell shapes?

A
  • Squamous
  • Cuboidal
  • Columnar
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the squamous cell shape

A
  • Flat, thin
  • Allows for rapid passage of substances through them

Found in:

  • Mouth
  • On lips
  • On cervix
  • Skin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the cuboidal cell shape

A
  • As tall as wide
  • May have microvilli
  • Function in secretion and absorption

Found in:

  • Ovary
  • Kidney
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the columnar cell shape

A
  • Taller than they are wide
  • Protect underlying tissues
    May have microvilli or cilia

Found in:

  • Digestive tract
  • Female reproductive
  • Respiratory (nasal passage)
  • Line ears and buccal cavity
  • Eyes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe the transitional cell shape

A
  • Change shape from cuboidal to squamous and back

Found in:
- Organs that stretch, such as the urinary bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the glandular epithelium?

A
  • Function is secretion
  • Glands composed of specialized epithelial cells that secrete substances
  • Secrete into ducts, onto a surface or into blood
17
Q

What’s an endocrine gland?

A

Secrete into fluid then diffuse into blood

Ex: Pituitary, thyroid, adrenal

18
Q

What’s an exocrine gland?

A

Secrete into ducts that empty on surface of covering/lining epithelium
Ex: Sweat, salivary, earwax

19
Q

What are the 3 glands that are both exocrine and endocrine

A

Pancreas
Ovaries
Testes

20
Q

What are some general characteristics of connective tissue?

A
  • Nerve supply present, except in cartilage
  • Blood supply present, except in cartilage
  • Most abundant tissue in body

2 basic elements: cells and extracellular matrix

21
Q

What is the function of connective tissue?

A
  • Bind together, support, and strengthen other body tissues
  • Protect and insulate internal organs
  • Compartmentalizes structures
  • Transport system for blood (transport system)
  • Stored energy reserves (adipose tissue)
  • Site for immune responses
22
Q

Describe the 2 components of connective tissue: extracellular matrix and cells

A

Extracellular matrix:

  • Material located between its widely spaced cells
  • Made of protein fibres and ground substance
  • Extracellular fluid located in this matrix (contains plasma and interstitial fluid)

Cells:
- Embryonic cells called mesenchymal cells give rise to the cells of the connective tissues

23
Q

What’s a ground substance of connective tissue?

A
  • Within the extracellular matrix
  • Component between the cells and fibres
  • Can be fluid, semifluid, gelatinous or calcified
  • Supports and binds cells, stores water provides a medium for movement
  • Active role in how tissues develop and carry out metabolic functions
Ex:
Hyaluronic acid (slippery and lubricates joints)
Chondroitin sulfate (supports bones and cartilage)
24
Q

Name the 6 types of cells of connective tissue and their functions

A
  1. Fibroblasts:
    - Common in connective tissues
  2. Macrophages:
    - Type of WBC that eats bacteria and debris
  3. Plasma cells
    - Secrete antibodies
  4. Mast cells
    - Produce histamine, which is a chemical that dilates mood vessels and kills bacteria
  5. Adipocytes
    - Fat cells found deep to the skin and around organs such as the heart and the kidneys
  6. WBCs
    - Not commonly found in connective tissue except during infection
25
Q

What are the 3 types of fibres of connective tissue?

A
  1. Collagen fibres
    - Strong, but flexible
    - Most abundant fibre
  2. Elastic fibres
    - Smaller in diameter than collagen fibres
    - Branch together to form network
    - Highly elastic
  3. Reticular fibres
    - Provide support in wall of blood vessels
    - Form network of cells around tissue
26
Q

What are the 2 types of connective tissue?

A
  1. Embryonic

2. Mature

27
Q

Describe the classification of 5 types of mature connective tissue

A
  1. Loosely arranged cells
    - Areolar (mostly interstitial fluid providing strength)
    - Adipose (insulation, energy storage)
    - Reticular (support)
  2. Densely packed tissue contains more fibres, making them thicker
    - Dense regular (tendons, ligaments)
    - Dense irregular (skin)
    - Elastic (lung tissue)
  3. Cartilage (dense network of collagen and elastic fibres)
    - Hyaline (ribs, nose, trachea, ends of long bones)
    - Fibrocartilage (meniscus in knees)
    - Elastic (external ear)
  4. Bone (spongy, compact)
    - Osteon (base unit of structure in compact bone)
    - Haversian system (contains blood vessels, found in centre of osteon)
  5. Liquid
    - Blood tissue (connective tissue with liquid extracellular matrix and transports blood, provides O2/CO2 exchange
    - Lymph (liquid in lymph vessels)
28
Q

Describe the 3 types of fibres

A

Collagen
- Strong but have some flexibility
- Must abundant fibre in the body
Example: Bone, cartilage, tendons

Elastic
- Smaller in diameter to collagen fibres
- Branch together to form a fibrous network
- Highly elastic up to 150%
Example: Skin, blood vessels, lung tissue

Reticular
- Support in wall of blood vessels
- Form network of cells around tissue
Example: Supporting network for spleen and lymph nodes

29
Q

What are the 2 types of cells in nervous tissue?

A

Neurons
- Convert stimuli into electrical signal (action potential) to other neutrons)

Neuroglia
- Support neurons

30
Q

What are the 3 parts of a neuron?

A
  1. Cell body
  2. Dendrites
  3. Axons
31
Q

Describe the functions of the 3 parts of a neuron

A

Cell body:
- Contains nucleus and other organelles

Dendrites:

  • Tapering, highly branched, and short cell processes
  • Major receiving or input portion of a neuron

Axon:

  • Single, thin, cylindrical process that can be very long
  • Conducts nerve impulses toward another neuron or to another tissue
32
Q

What are the 3 main types of neurons?

A

Sensory (afferent)
- Conduct impulses from the sensory organs to the CNS

Motor (efferent)
- Conduct impulses from the CNS to the effector organs (muscles and glands)

Interneurons (connector neutrons or association neutrons)

  • Only in CNS
  • Connect sensory neurons to motor neurons
33
Q

What is the function of neuroglia?

A
  • Helper cells in the nervous system
  • Produce products that provide structural support and protect the neurons
  • Don’t generate or conduct any nerve impulses
34
Q

What are the 3 types of muscle tissues?

A
  1. Skeletal
  2. Cardiac
  3. Smooth
35
Q

Describe skeletal muscle tissue

A
  • Long, cylindrical shaped, striated fibres
  • Vary in length
  • Limited capacity for rejuvenation due to small number of cells that can undergo cell division
  • Voluntary muscles
  • Usually attached to bones by tendons

Functions:

  • Motion
  • Posture
  • Protection
36
Q

Describe cardiac muscle tissue

A
  • Striated fibres with only 1 centrally located nucleus
  • Attached to one another by transverse thickening of plasma membrane called intercalated discs
  • Found in heart wall
  • Involuntary control

Function:
- Pumps blood to all parts of the body

37
Q

Describe smooth muscle tissue

A
  • No striations
  • Spindle shaped cell
  • Thickest in the middle tapering at each end
  • Single centrally located nucleus
  • Found in iris of eyes, hollow internal structures (blood vessels, airways to lungs, intestines)

Function:
- Motion by producing powerful contractions

38
Q

What are the 4 main functions of muscular tissues?

A
  1. Produce body movement
  2. Storing and moving substances within the body
  3. Electrical excitability
  4. Elasticity
39
Q

What is Multiple Sclerosis?

A
  • Abnormal immune system response produces inflammation in the CNS
  • This damages/destroys myelin and oligodendrocytes
  • Causes damage to underlying nerve fibre
  • Slows or halts nerve conduction

ANPH1130 - Anatomy and Physiology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions