tissues Flashcards
(28 cards)
what is differentiation ?
Each human develops from one fertilised egg cell in a process called differentiation.
Differentiation is the process by which an unspecialised cell develops characteristics to suit particular functions. More than 200 different types of cells.
what are cells?
Cells are the basic building block of the body that are specialised to carry out different functions. 1st structural level of organism.
what are tissues?
A tissue is a group of cells that are structured similarly and work together to carry out a particular function. The function of the group of cells are similar. It is the second structural level. eg, groups of muscle cells make up muscle tissue.
what is an organ?
An organ is the third structural level of the body. Different types of tissue work together to form organs. An organ is a structure made of different types of tissues working together. Normally made of 2 or more tissues.
eg. The stomach is an organ made up of lining tissue on the inside and muscular tissue in the wall
eg, your heart is an organ made of muscular and nervous tissue.
what is a system?
The highest organisation is the system. A system is a group of organs working together for a common purpose.
eg, the role of the respiratory system is to supply the blood with oxygen and to remove carbon dioxide from the blood. Organs including the lungs, diaphragm, windpipe, lcharynx, nose and muscle between the ribs.
The body systems make up the organism.
what are the 4 tissue types?
Epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Muscle tissue
Nervous tissue
what is the epithelium?
Tissue that forms the outer part of the skin and that lines hollow organs and ducts, covering tissue; epithelia (pl)
Lines the cavities and tubes, ducts, blood vessel.
eg. Outer layer of the skin, organs such as the heart, lungs, kidneys, intestines and liver are covered with epithelium.
Eg, also lines the inside or organs, such as the inner layer of the heart, stomach, intestines and other hollow organs. Covers the organs.
The cells that make up epithelium are very close joined together.
They vary in shape from thin and flat to column shaped and cube shaped, usually dependant on the type of tissue.
what is the function of the epithelium?
protection from physical and chemical injury
Protection against microbial invasion
Contains receptors which respond to stimuli
filters, secretes and reabsorbs materials
Secretes serous fluids to lubricate structures.
The cells that line the inside of your mouth are example of thin, flat epithelial cells. Because they fit very closely together, they form a very smooth surface.
what are the types of epithelium tissue
simple cuboidal columnar stratified glandular
where and what is simple/squamous epithelium
in the lining of blood vessels heart and lungs.
smooth surface allow easy passage of materials one cell thick.
thin and flat
where and what is cuboidal epithelium?
in the glands, kidneys, covers ovaries.
secretory or lining tissue.
cube shaped
where and what is columnar epithelium?
line of digestive system, trachea, bronchi, nasal cavity
secretion and absorption of nutrients.
column shaped with cilia
where and what is stratified epithelium?
in skin, mouth and oesophagus.
protective layer on places subject to friction.
layers of different cells
where and what is glandular epithelium?
endocrine and exocrine glands
produces secretion eg. hormones, enzymes, sweat.
secretory. liket the thin and flat ones.
what is connective tissue?
Provides support for the body and help to connect and bind all the body parts together.
Protects and cushions organs and tissues, (insulates fat).
Transports substances like blood.
eg. tendons, ligaments, cartilage, bones, fat storage tissue
They are not close together like in epithelium bcells, they are separated from each other with large amounts of material called matrix, which is not made up of cells.
Matrix is the non cellular material between the cells of a tissue.
The matrix of blood is the liquid in which it is suspended in.
what are the types of connective tissue?
loose ct dense ct adipose cartillage bone blood
where and what is adipose tissue?
body, under skin around vital organs. energy reserve protection heat insulation stores fat cells with large vacuole of fat honeycomb or chicken wire in appearance.
what and where is loose connective tissue?
mucous membrane, mouth, nose, around muscles, nerve and blood vessels.
supports and connects other tissue
few cells, many fibres in semi fluid matrix
what and where is dense connective tissue?
tendons and ligaments
holds body parts together with great strength
densely packed fibres with few cells in flexible matrix.
what and where is hyaline cartilage connective tissue?
skeleton of embryo, joints in trachea, nose, outer ear Supports while providing flexibility Absorbs compression between bones in joints (articular carriage) Holds open respiratory passages Most abundant (plentiful) type of cartilage in body. diagram - widely spread with flexible cells.
where and what is bone connective tissue?
skeleton tree ring like appearance. Supports framework for body and protects. Mineral storage Fat storage Blood cell production cells are in hard matrix
where and what is blood connective tissue?
fills heart and blood vessels
transports materials (co2 and o2)
cells are in fluid membrane
what is muscle tissue?
Muscle fibres are the long parallel cylindrical cells that make up skeletal muscles.
Contains many nuclei multinucleate
Functions:
Movement and locomotion
Maintains posture
Associated with the bones of the skeleton, the heart and the walls of the hollow organs
Types involve: skeletal, involuntary and cardiac
what are the types of muscle tissues?
skeletal
smooth /plain - involuntary
cardiac
