Tissues and Body Cavities

Question 1

What are the four basic tissue types?

Answer 1

Epithelial
Connective
Muscle
Nervous

Question 2

Where is epithelial tissue found?

Answer 2

Covering outside of body

Lining body cavities & structures within

Question 3

What are the functions of epithelial tissue?

Answer 3

Protect
Absorb
Secrete

Question 4

What forms does connective tissue take?

Answer 4

Blood
Fibrous connective
Cartilage
Bone

Question 5

What are the functions of connective tissue?

Answer 5

Connect & support
Carry nutrients
Conduct waste material away

Question 6

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

Answer 6

Striated (skeletal)
Smooth
Cardiac

Question 7

Which muscle tissue is controlled voluntarily?

Answer 7

Skeletal

Question 8

Which muscle tissue is controlled involuntarily?

Answer 8

Smooth

Cardiac

Question 9

How is striated muscle found?

Answer 9

Attached to the skeleton

Question 10

Where is smooth muscle found?

Answer 10

Within internal organs

Question 11

Where is cardiac muscle found?

Answer 11

Myocardium of heart wall

Question 12

Define: Myocardium

Answer 12

The middle muscular layer of the heart’s walls

Question 13

Where is nervous tissue found?

Answer 13

Throughout the entire body

Question 14

What is the function of nervous tissue?

Answer 14

Conduct nerve impulses to and from body and central nervous system (CNS)

Question 15

Define: Tissue

Answer 15

A collection of cells and their products

One type of cell predominates

Question 16

Define: Organ

Answer 16

A collection of tissues forming a structure adapted to perform a specific purpose

Question 17

Define: System

Answer 17

A collection of organs and tissues related by function

Question 18

What three components does tissue comprise of?

Answer 18

Cells
Intercellular products
Fluid

Question 19

Define: Simple epithelium

Answer 19

One cell thick

Question 20

What is the name given to epithelium comprising of more than one layer of cells?

Answer 20

Stratified or compound

Question 21

What are the three basic shapes of epithelial cell?

Answer 21

Squamous
Cuboidal
Columnar

Question 22

Define: Ciliated epithelium

Answer 22

A single layer of column-shaped cells

The free surface of the cells has cilia

Question 23

Define: Stratified epithelium

Answer 23

Composed of number of layers of cells

Question 24

Define: pseudostratified epithelium

Answer 24

Appears to be multilayered due to positioning of nuclei but actually a single layer

Question 25

Define: Blood

Answer 25

Specialised tissue circulating through blood vessels Carries nutrients and oxygen to the cells Carries waste products to organs of excretion

Question 26

What is haematopoietic tissue?

Answer 26

Jelly-like tissue forming bone marrow within long bones | Responsible for formation of blood cells

Question 27

Define: Cartilage

Answer 27

Rigid flexible resilient tissue able to bear weight | Composed of chondrocytes within a gel-like ground substance

Question 28

Does cartilage have a blood supply?

Answer 28

No; its nutrition is supplied by its fibrous sheath (perichondrium) surrounding it

Question 29

What are the three types of cartilage?

Answer 29

Hyaline cartilage Elastic cartilage Fibrocartilage

Question 30

What is the function is hyaline cartilage?

Answer 30

Form articular surfaces of joints Provide support in nose, larynx, trachea, bronchi Form skeleton of embryo before endochondral ossification

Question 31

What is the function of elastic cartilage?

Answer 31

Provide flexibility (external ear, epiglottis)

Question 32

What is the function of fibrocartilage?

Answer 32

Higher proportion of collagen fibres gives greater strength (intervertebraldiscs, minisci of stifle joint) Attach tendons and ligaments to bone

Question 33

What does bone consist of?

Answer 33

Ground substance containing osteonectin and collagen fibres, forming osteoid

Question 34

What does calcification result in?

Answer 34

Bone rigidity and hardness

Question 35

What happens as the ground substance of bone becomes calcified?

Answer 35

Osteocytes are trapped in lacunae (spaces)

Question 36

Define: Haversian canals

Answer 36

Fine channels running through the bone matrix | Carry blood vessels and nerves of bone

Question 37

What surrounds each Haversian canal?

Answer 37

A series of concentric cylinders of matrix material - lamellae, and osteocytes within lacunae

Question 38

Define: Periosteum

Answer 38

Fibrous membrane covering outer surface of all types of bone

Question 39

What are the two types of bone tissue?

Answer 39

Compact | Cancellous

Question 40

Define: Compact bone

Answer 40

Solid, hard, bone found in outer layer (cortex) of all types of bone Haversian systems are densely packed

Question 41

Define: Cancellous bone

Answer 41

Spongy bone, consisting of internal meshwork of bony "struts" or trabeculae Interconnected spaces filled with red bone marrow

Question 42

Three layers of bone in epiphysis

Answer 42

Periosteum (outer) Compact Spongy (inner)

Question 43

Four layers of bone within diaphysis

Answer 43

Periosteum (outer) Compact Endosteum Yellow marrow (inner)

Question 44

Hormones promoting osteoblast activity

Answer 44

Oestrogen Androgens GH/GF-1

Question 45

Hormones inhibiting osteoblast activity

Answer 45

Glucocorticoids

Question 46

Hormones inhibiting osteoclast activity

Answer 46

Oestrogen | Calcitonin