Tissues And Organs

Question 0

Define the term Organ.

Answer 0

A aggregation of different tissues which work together to perform a single function.

Question 1

Define the term tissue.

Answer 1

A aggregation (collection) of similar cells that carry out the same function

Question 2

What is an Organ system?

Answer 2

A collection of different organs which work together to perform a single function.

Question 3

What is epithelial tissue?

Answer 3

An epithelium is an animal tissue which lines cavities, tubes and other structures e.g blood vessels are lined with a single layer of epithelial tissue, as are tubes like ducts which carry fluids.

The skin is also a type of epithelial tissue however it consists of many layers of epithelium and as such is called stratified epithelium.

Question 4

What is epithelial tissue known as in a plant cell?

Answer 4

Epidermis.

Question 7

What is a basement membrane?

Answer 7

This holds the cells in epithelial tissues together by embedding them in a meshwork of protein fibres about 60nm thick.

Question 8

What protein makes up the basement membrane?

Answer 8

The basement membrane is mainly made out of collagen fibres.

Question 9

What is another function of the basement membrane?

Answer 9

In blood capillaries the basement membrane filters out blood under high pressure to create tissue fluid in a process called ultrafiltration. And also to filter blood in the kidneys.

Question 10

Describe the structure and function of cuboidal epithelium.

Answer 10

Roughly square/cuboidal in shape with each cell’s nucleus positioned in the centre. It acts as a protective tissue and lines tubes and ducts.

Question 11

What is the function of connective tissues?

Answer 11

They provide mechanical support and bind structures tightly together.

Question 12

Give an example of a common connective tissue?

Answer 12

Collagen.

Question 13

Describe the structure and function of ciliated epithelium.

Answer 13

They have ciliated surfaces which are capable of wavelike beating which causes fluids to move across their surface. It is found in the respiratory tract where it moves mucus and in the Fallopian tubes where it propels the egg cell from the ovary to the uterus.

Question 14

Describe the structure of glandular epithelium.

Answer 14

This is made out of two types of cells; epithelial cells and goblet cells. Goblet cells contain numerous Golgi bodies which produce mucin. These are found lining the respiratory tract in the lungs and lining the inside of the gut.

Question 15

What does the lack of Vitamin C cause?

Answer 15

Vitamin C is required to make collagen and lack of vitamin C will result in a vitamin deficiency called Scurvy.

Question 16

What is Lupus?

Answer 16

A chronic, multi-system, inflammatory autoimmune disorder found mainly in young women.

Question 18

What is Striated or Skeletal Muscle?

Answer 18

Also known as voluntary muscle it is connected to the skeleton and is controlled by the brain, bringing about voluntary movement I.e animal behaviour. The cells lay parallel to each-others but are not connected to eachother in any way. Each cell is multinucleate and has vertical stripes.

Question 19

What is smooth or non-striated muscle?

Answer 19

This does not connect to the skeleton and is under involuntary control by the brain. It is found everywhere in the body where unconscious movement has to occur e.g in the gut to move along food.

Question 20

What is cardiac muscle?

Answer 20

Believed to have evolved from skeletal muscle as it is also striated. This is the only type of muscle in which all the cells are joined together to form a meshwork. It is myogenic (continues to contract when removed from the body). They are uninucleate.

Question 22

What is a Muscle tissue?

Answer 22

A collection of highly specialised cells each of which has the ability to shorten or contract.