Tissues and Organs of the Skeletal System

Question 1

What is the term for the connective tissue sheath around the external surface of a bone?

Answer 1

Periosteum

Question 2

The cells that build new bone and are located in the osteogenic layer of the periosteum are called _______.

Answer 2

Osteoblasts

Question 3

What is a function of articular cartilage?

Answer 3

Allows easier joint movements

Question 4

What are the collagen fibers that extend from the periosteum into the bone matrix called?

Answer 4

Perforating fibers

Question 5

What is the function of the osteogenic layer of the periosteum?

Answer 5

Growth and healing

Question 6

What describes the structure of a flat bone?

Answer 6

A layer of spongy bone is sandwiched between 2 layers of compact bone

Question 7

The layer of connective tissue lining internal surfaces of bones is called _______.

Answer 7

Endosteum

Question 8

Articular surfaces of long bones are covered with which tissue?

Answer 8

Hyaline cartilage

Question 9

True or False: Osteogenic cells are stem cells in the endosteum, periosteum, and central canals that can become chondrocytes.

Answer 9

False

Question 10

The outer layer of periosteum is a(n) _______.

Answer 10

Fibrous layer

Question 11

What is the term for the bone tissue located between the 2 layers of compact bone in the skull?

Answer 11

Diploe

Question 12

Which bone cells produce the organic bone matrix?

Answer 12

Osteoblasts

Question 13

Where do you find osteogenic cells?

Answer 13

Endosteum and periosteum

Question 14

What is the hollow space called in which an osteocyte resides?

Answer 14

Lacuna

Question 15

Mature bone cells found within lacunae of compact bone are called ______.

Answer 15

Osteocytes

Question 16

True or False: The bone cells responsible for the formation of the organic bone matrix are called chondrocytes.

Answer 16

False

Question 17

In osseous tissue, the narrow channels connecting neighboring lacunae are called _______.

Answer 17

Canaliculi

Question 18

Osteocytes act as ______ sensors to adjust bone shape and density to adapt to stress.

Answer 18

Strain

Question 19

Osteoblasts secrete a hormone called _______.

Answer 19

Osteocalcin

Question 20

What are 3 functions of Osteocytes?

Answer 20

Deposit bone, resorb bone, and strain sensors

Question 21

The action carried out by osteoclasts is ______.

Answer 21

Osteolysis

Question 22

True or False: The bone cells responsible for the formation of the organic bone matrix are called chondrocytes.

Answer 22

False

Question 23

What is part of the inorganic matter that makes up the matrix of bone?

Answer 23

Calcium phosphate salt

Question 24

What is part of the organic matter of the matrix of bone?

Answer 24

Collagen

Question 25

The layers of bony matrix arranged around the central canal of an osteon are called ______ lamellae.

Answer 25

Concentric

Question 26

True of False: Osteocytes and Osteoclasts develop from the same type of stem cell.

Answer 26

False

Question 27

In longitudinal views, osteons are _______.

Answer 27

Cylinders

Question 28

Osteocytes are former ________.

Answer 28

Osteoblasts

Question 29

Hydroxyapatite makes up part of which component of the bony matrix?

Answer 29

Inorganic

Question 30

By dry weight, most of the matrix of bone is made up of ______ matter.

Answer 30

Inorganic

Question 31

The layers of bony matrix in compact bone tissue are called ______.

Answer 31

Lamellae

Question 32

The basic structural unit of compact bone is the ______.

Answer 32

Osteon

Question 33

Which 2 channels extend longitudinally through the center of an osteon?

Answer 33

Haversian and Central canals

Question 34

Which channels run perpendicular to the central canals of osteons?

Answer 34

Perforating canals

Question 35

In compact bone, what are the remnants of old osteons found between complete osteons called?

Answer 35

Interstitial lamellae

Question 36

Another term for a central canal is a(n) ______ canal.

Answer 36

Haversian

Question 37

What are the thin plates that form spongy bone called?

Answer 37

Trabeculae

Question 38

The calcium-phosphate salt that mineralizes bone tissue is called _______.

Answer 38

Hydroxyapatite

Question 39

Central and Perforating canals are lined with ______.

Answer 39

Endosteum

Question 40

Partial osteons are referred to as _______ lamellae.

Answer 40

Interstitial

Question 41

Which structures found in spongy bone line up along the bone's line of stress?

Answer 41

Trabeculae

Question 42

Trabeculae and spicules are found in ______ bone.

Answer 42

Spongy

Question 43

What are the spaces between trabeculae in spongy bone filled with?

Answer 43

Bone Marrow

Question 44

Hydroxyapatite makes up part of which component to the bony matrix?

Answer 44

Inorganic

Question 45

What describes myeloid tissue?

Answer 45

A site of blood cell production

Question 46

True or False: Spongy bone is primarily made up of osteons.

Answer 46

False

Question 47

In adults, which bone marrow is limited to the axial skeleton, pectoral and pelvic girdles, and proximal heads of the humerus and the femur?

Answer 47

Red

Question 48

What is the function of red bone marrow?

Answer 48

Blood cell production

Question 49

What are 2 terms associated with myeloid tissue?

Answer 49

Hemopoietic tissue and red bone marrow

Question 50

Where is red bone marrow found in the bones of a child?

Answer 50

Almost all bones

Question 51

Fatty bone marrow that no longer produces blood cells is called ______ bone marrow.

Answer 51

Yellow

Question 52

If you were having joint problems, which medical specialist would be most likely to help you?

Answer 52

Orthopedist

Question 53

A fracture caused by a tumor would be classified as a _______ tumor.

Answer 53

Pathological

Question 54

True or False: A hard callus is composed of fibrocartilage.

Answer 54

False

Question 55

True or False: One of the functions of yellow bone marrow is to store energy.

Answer 55

True

Question 56

Bleeding at the site of a bone fracture results in the formation of a fracture ________, a blood clot.

Answer 56

Hematoma

Question 57

The branch of medicine dealing with bone disorders is ________.

Answer 57

Orthopedics

Question 58

A fracture in a healthy bone caused by abnormal trauma, like a fall, is classified as a ______ fracture.

Answer 58

Stress

Question 59

During fracture healing, cartilage is deposited in granulation tissue to form what?

Answer 59

A soft callus

Question 60

True or False: Most fractures are treated using closed reduction.

Answer 60

True

Question 61

What is a mass of blood in the tissue called?

Answer 61

Hematoma

Question 62

When surgery is needed to set a fracture, this treatment is called a(n) ______ reduction.

Answer 62

Open